International Encyclopedia of Transportation


Book Description

In an increasingly globalised world, despite reductions in costs and time, transportation has become even more important as a facilitator of economic and human interaction; this is reflected in technical advances in transportation systems, increasing interest in how transportation interacts with society and the need to provide novel approaches to understanding its impacts. This has become particularly acute with the impact that Covid-19 has had on transportation across the world, at local, national and international levels. Encyclopedia of Transportation, Seven Volume Set - containing almost 600 articles - brings a cross-cutting and integrated approach to all aspects of transportation from a variety of interdisciplinary fields including engineering, operations research, economics, geography and sociology in order to understand the changes taking place. Emphasising the interaction between these different aspects of research, it offers new solutions to modern-day problems related to transportation. Each of its nine sections is based around familiar themes, but brings together the views of experts from different disciplinary perspectives. Each section is edited by a subject expert who has commissioned articles from a range of authors representing different disciplines, different parts of the world and different social perspectives. The nine sections are structured around the following themes: Transport Modes; Freight Transport and Logistics; Transport Safety and Security; Transport Economics; Traffic Management; Transport Modelling and Data Management; Transport Policy and Planning; Transport Psychology; Sustainability and Health Issues in Transportation. Some articles provide a technical introduction to a topic whilst others provide a bridge between topics or a more future-oriented view of new research areas or challenges. The end result is a reference work that offers researchers and practitioners new approaches, new ways of thinking and novel solutions to problems. All-encompassing and expertly authored, this outstanding reference work will be essential reading for all students and researchers interested in transportation and its global impact in what is a very uncertain world. Provides a forward looking and integrated approach to transportation Updated with future technological impacts, such as self-driving vehicles, cyber-physical systems and big data analytics Includes comprehensive coverage Presents a worldwide approach, including sets of comparative studies and applications




Communication, Computation and Perception Technologies for Internet of Vehicles


Book Description

This book focuses on the design, management, and cybersecurity of connected and autonomous vehicles under the umbrella of the Internet of Vehicles. Both principles and engineering practice are covered, from the design perspectives of communication, computing, and perception to ITS management. An in-depth study of a range of topics such as microscopic traffic behavior modeling and simulation, localization, V2X communication, cooperative cloud-edge computing, and multi-sensor fusion for perception has been presented, while novel enabling technologies such as RIS and blockchain are introduced. The book benefits researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the fields of intelligent transport systems, telecommunications, cybersecurity, and autonomous driving.




Energy-Efficient Driving of Road Vehicles


Book Description

This book elaborates the science and engineering basis for energy-efficient driving in conventional and autonomous cars. After covering the physics of energy-efficient motion in conventional, hybrid, and electric powertrains, the book chiefly focuses on the energy-saving potential of connected and automated vehicles. It reveals how being connected to other vehicles and the infrastructure enables the anticipation of upcoming driving-relevant factors, e.g. hills, curves, slow traffic, state of traffic signals, and movements of nearby vehicles. In turn, automation allows vehicles to adjust their motion more precisely in anticipation of upcoming events, and to save energy. Lastly, the energy-efficient motion of connected and automated vehicles could have a harmonizing effect on mixed traffic, leading to additional energy savings for neighboring vehicles. Building on classical methods of powertrain modeling, optimization, and optimal control, the book further develops the theory of energy-efficient driving. In addition, it presents numerous theoretical and applied case studies that highlight the real-world implications of the theory developed. The book is chiefly intended for undergraduate and graduate engineering students and industry practitioners with a background in mechanical, electrical, or automotive engineering, computer science or robotics.







Autonomous Vehicle Technology


Book Description

The automotive industry appears close to substantial change engendered by “self-driving” technologies. This technology offers the possibility of significant benefits to social welfare—saving lives; reducing crashes, congestion, fuel consumption, and pollution; increasing mobility for the disabled; and ultimately improving land use. This report is intended as a guide for state and federal policymakers on the many issues that this technology raises.




ITS Sensors and Architectures for Traffic Management and Connected Vehicles


Book Description

An intelligent transportation system (ITS) offers considerable opportunities for increasing the safety, efficiency, and predictability of traffic flow and reducing vehicle emissions. Sensors (or detectors) enable the effective gathering of arterial and controlled-access highway information in support of automatic incident detection, active transportation and demand management, traffic-adaptive signal control, and ramp and freeway metering and dispatching of emergency response providers. As traffic flow sensors are integrated with big data sources such as connected and cooperative vehicles, and cell phones and other Bluetooth-enabled devices, more accurate and timely traffic flow information can be obtained. The book examines the roles of traffic management centers that serve cities, counties, and other regions, and the collocation issues that ensue when multiple agencies share the same space. It describes sensor applications and data requirements for several ITS strategies; sensor technologies; sensor installation, initialization, and field-testing procedures; and alternate sources of traffic flow data. The book addresses concerns related to the introduction of automated and connected vehicles, and the benefits that systems engineering and national ITS architectures in the US, Europe, Japan, and elsewhere bring to ITS. Sensor and data fusion benefits to traffic management are described, while the Bayesian and Dempster–Shafer approaches to data fusion are discussed in more detail. ITS Sensors and Architectures for Traffic Management and Connected Vehicles suits the needs of personnel in transportation institutes and highway agencies, and students in undergraduate or graduate transportation engineering courses.










Intelligent Equipment, Robots, and Vehicles


Book Description

The three-volume set CCIS 1467, CCIS 1468, and CCIS 1469 constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Life System Modeling and Simulation, LSMS 2021, and of the 7th International Conference on Intelligent Computing for Sustainable Energy and Environment, ICSEE 2021, held in Hangzhou, China, in October 2021. The 159 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from over 430 submissions. The papers of this volume are organized in topical sections on: Medical Imaging and Analysis Using Intelligence Computing; Biomedical signal processing, imaging, visualization and surgical robotics; Computational method in taxonomy study and neural dynamics; Intelligent medical apparatus, clinical applications and intelligent design of biochips; Power and Energy Systems; Computational Intelligence in Utilization of Clean and Renewable Energy Resources, and Intelligent Modelling, Control and Supervision for Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction; Intelligent Methods in Developing Electric Vehicles, Engines and Equipment; Intelligent Control Methods in Energy Infrastructure Development and Distributed Power Generation Systems; Intelligent Modeling, Simulation and Control of Power Electronics and Power Networks; Intelligent Techniques for Sustainable Energy and Green Built Environment, Water Treatment and Waste Management; Intelligent Robot and Simulation; Intelligent Data Processing, Analysis and Control in Complex Systems; Advanced Neural Network Theory and Algorithms; Advanced Computational Methods and Applications; Fuzzy, Neural, and Fuzzy-neuro Hybrids; Intelligent Modelling, Monitoring, and Control of Complex Nonlinear Systems; Intelligent manufacturing, autonomous systems, intelligent robotic systems; Computational Intelligence and Applications.




Adaptive Dynamic Programming: Single and Multiple Controllers


Book Description

This book presents a class of novel optimal control methods and games schemes based on adaptive dynamic programming techniques. For systems with one control input, the ADP-based optimal control is designed for different objectives, while for systems with multi-players, the optimal control inputs are proposed based on games. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods, the book analyzes the properties of the adaptive dynamic programming methods, including convergence of the iterative value functions and the stability of the system under the iterative control laws. Further, to substantiate the mathematical analysis, it presents various application examples, which provide reference to real-world practices.