Author : Yuefeng Xie
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 22,94 MB
Release : 2003-08-27
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0203486919
The EPA has established regulations which classify four types of disinfection byproducts - TTHMs, haloacetic acids, bromate, and chlorite - and requires public water systems limit these byproducts to specific levels. Most of the information required to comply with these standards is either scattered throughout the literature or derived from confere
Author : Ashley Dale Pifer
Publisher :
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 29,17 MB
Release : 2012
Category : Drinking water
ISBN : 9781267550095
Methods were developed for application of asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) and fluorescence parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis to raw and treated samples from drinking water sources to improve characterizations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and discover DOM properties correlated to disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation potential (FP). Raw water samples were collected from a reservoir, adjusted to pH 6, 7, and 8 and subjected to (1) jar tests using aluminum sulfate (alum) and (2) treatment with magnetic ion exchange (MIEX®) resin. Both treatments were followed by DBPFP tests at pH 7. AF4 was used to size DOM in raw and alum treated samples at pH 6 and 8. AF4 fractograms showed that DOM removal was more effective at pH 6 than at pH 8, and preferential removal of larger-sized DOM occurred at pH 6 but not at pH 8. A fluorescence-PARAFAC model was constructed using excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) from all samples. A strong linear correlation (r 2 = 0.87) between chloroform FP and a humic-like PARAFAC component (C1) was developed. This correlation was a significant improvement over the correlation (r 2 = 0.03) between chloroform FP and specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254), a DBPFP surrogate commonly used in drinking water treatment plants to optimize DOM removal processes. This indicated that chloroform FP-C1 correlations were not treatment-specific. Alum coagulation at pH 6, 7, and 8 and DBPFP tests at pH 7 were performed on a set of raw waters from eleven drinking water treatment plants from across the United States. AF4 was used to size DOM before and after alum coagulation, and showed similar results to the earlier study, i.e., increased removal at pH 6 compared to pH 8. A fluorescence-PARAFAC model was constructed and total trihalomethane (TTHM) FP was strongly correlated (r 2 = 0.91) to C1 for eight water sources. TTHMFP-SUVA254 correlations for ten locations were weak (r 2 = 0.15), which indicated that C1 was an improved DBPFP surrogate relative to SUVA254 and could be used as a surrogate to select and optimize DBP precursor removal processes.
Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 19,29 MB
Release : 2021-04-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 0444643443
Drinking water disinfection has markedly reduced diseases causes by waterborne pathogenic microorganisms. However, an unintended consequence of disinfection and/or oxidation processes is the generation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) which are formed from the reactions of disinfectants/oxidants with water matrix components. This volume of the Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry Handbook presents recent advances about the formation, identification, and quantification of inorganic and organic DBPs during oxidative processes. The book begins with a first chapter reviewing the most recent non-targeted screening approaches and workflows to characterize DBPs using low-, high-, and ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry. The second chapter discusses the analysis of inorganic chloramines in waters using on-site and/or in-lab analytical methods. The third chapter provides an overview of the current knowledge about the mechanisms of chlorine dioxide reactions and byproducts formation. The fourth chapter presents some fundamental and practical aspects about ozonation processes in water treatment and provides an overview about ozone reaction mechanisms and byproducts formation. The fifth chapter focuses on the reactivity of halide ions, particularly bromide and iodide, with common oxidants and the role they play in determining the speciation of DBPs in treated waters. The chapter also presents strategies to mitigate the formation of DBPs during oxidation processes. Finally, the last chapter tackles the topic of DBPs formation during potable water reuse. It discusses the formation of DBPs of major concern in both memebrane-based and non-membrane-based potable water reuse treatment schemes. Researchers, water treatment specialists, and regulators will find in this book a valuable and compact resource on several key topics regarding the formation, identification, quantification, and mitigation of DBPs. Identification and quantification of known and unknown DBPs Formation of DBPs during different disinfection/oxidation processes DBPs of concern in new technologies and/or new applications of existing technologies in water treatment
Author : Roger A. Minear
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 519 pages
File Size : 50,87 MB
Release : 2017-11-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1351454854
Disinfection By-Products in Water Treatment describes new government regulations related to disinfection by-products. It explains the formation of microorganism by-products during water treatment and the methods employed to control them. The book includes several chapters on chlorine by-products and discusses techniques for the removal of chloroform from drinking water. It also describes gamma radiation techniques for removing microorganic by-product precursors from natural waters and the removal of bromate from drinking water.
Author : M.N.V. Prasad
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
Page : 492 pages
File Size : 16,28 MB
Release : 2020-02-18
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0081029780
Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water: Detection and Treatment presents cutting-edge research on how to understand the procedures, processes and considerations for detecting and treating disinfection by-products from drinking water, swimming pool water, and wastewater. The book begins with an overview of the different groups of Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs), such as: Trihalomethanes (THM), Halo acetic acids, and Haloacetonitrile (HAN). This coverage is quickly followed by a clear and rigorous exposition of the latest methods and technologies for the characterization, occurrence, formation, transformation and removal of DBPs in drinking water. Other chapters focus on ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, electron spin resonance, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Researchers will find a valuable resource to a breath of topics for DBP detection and treatment, including various recent techniques, such as microfiltration, nanofiltration membrane and nanotechnology. Explains the latest research in detection, treatment processes and remediation technologies Includes sampling, analytical and characterization methods and approaches Covers cutting-edge research, including membrane based technologies, nanotechnology treatment technologies and bioremediation treatment technologies Provides background information regarding contamination sources
Author : K Clive Thompson
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 48,89 MB
Release : 2015-09-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 1782622713
Covering the latest developments in themes related to water disinfection by-products, this book brings the reader right up to date. Stemming from an international conference, contributions are from decision-makers, regulators and the relevant scientific community. Coverage includes emerging disinfection by-products, water treatment, water recycling, monitoring, regulation and health and toxicology aspects. It will be of interest to water companies, public health professionals, drinking water quality regulators, suppliers of laboratory and on-line monitoring equipment, analytical chemists, and academic and industry researchers working in the area of disinfection by-products.
Author : Mahmoud Mahmoud El-Haloty
Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 13,39 MB
Release : 2013
Category :
ISBN : 9783659503054
The EPA has established regulations which classify four groups of disinfection byproducts including Trihalomethanes, Haloacetic acids, Haloacetonitriles and Ethylene dibromide in association with Dibromochloropropane. The EPA requires public water systems limit these byproducts to specific levels. Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water: Formation, Analysis, and Control pull all the information together to provide a needed organized presentation of disinfection byproduct analysis, formation, and control. The author begins with an introduction to all disinfection byproducts (DBPs), including their nomenclatures, molecular structures, and formation. He discusses the effects of various water quality parameters on the formation and stability of DBPs in drinking water. He added new innovative simple methods to detect these DBPs with highly advanced techniques. The book explains hazards of these DBPs on the different biological functions showing target of each individual byproduct in human body. It explains mechanism of the different chlorinated compound in alteration of the biological process and hence producing different cancer tumors.
Author : Philip C. Singer
Publisher :
Page : 456 pages
File Size : 46,39 MB
Release : 1999
Category : Medical
ISBN :
Written by more than 30 DBP experts, this technical and managerial reference tool provides essential background and addresses recent activities of the EPA and environmental consultants. It answers important questions, such as how to balance microbial and chemical risks, and includes information on new regulation and treatment costs.
Author : Steve E. Hrudey
Publisher : IWA Publishing (International Water Assoc)
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 31,41 MB
Release : 2012
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781780400624
He has written 26 book chapters, 19 expert panel reports, 163 refereed journal articles, 15 science discussions, six media op-eds and 73 conference proceeding papers. Hrudey is the 2012 winner of the American Water Works Association A.P. Black Research Award for contributions to water science and water supply. This book is sponsored by Australian Water Association (AWA) Table of Contents Disinfection By-Products (DBPs) as a public health issue S. E. Hrudey and J. W. A. Charrois Research overview, regulatory history and current worldwide status of DBP regulations and guidelines I. Kristiana, J. W. A. Charrois and S. E. Hrudey Managing DBPs under challenging conditions--a utility water quality manager's perspective R. Walker Halogenated DBPs and emerging issues S. W. Krasner Nitrogenous DBPs, formation, control and new frontiers W. A. Mitch Nitrogenous DBPs in drinking water: toxicity, regulation, analysis, occurrence and control D. Liew, K. L. Linge, A. Heitz and C. A.
Author :
Publisher :
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 40,28 MB
Release : 1989
Category : Medical
ISBN :
