Quagga and Zebra Mussels


Book Description

The introduction and rapid spread of two Eurasian mussel species, Dreissena polymorpha (zebra mussel) and Dreissena rostriformis bugensis (quagga mussel), in waters of North America has caused great concern among industrial and recreational water users. These invasive species can create substantial problems for raw water users such as water treatment facilities and power plants, and they can have other negative impacts by altering aquatic environments. In the 20 years since the first edition of this book was published, zebra mussels have continued to spread, and quagga mussels have become the greater threat in the Great Lakes, in deep regions of large lakes, and in the southwestern Unites States. Quagga mussels have also expanded greatly in eastern and western Europe since the first book edition was published. Quagga and Zebra Mussels: Biology, Impacts, and Control, Second Edition provides a broad view of the zebra/quagga mussel issue, offering a historic perspective and up-to-date information on mussel research. Comprising 48 chapters, this second edition includes reviews of mussel morphology, physiology, and behavior. It details mussel distribution and spread in Europe and across North America, and examines policy and regulatory responses, management strategies, and mitigation efforts. In addition, this book provides extensive coverage of the impact of invasive mussel species on freshwater ecosystems, including effects on water clarity, phytoplankton, water quality, food web changes, and consequences to other aquatic fauna. It also reviews and offers new insights on how zebra and quagga mussels respond and adapt to varying environmental conditions. This new edition includes seven video clips that complement chapter text and, through visual documentation, provide a greater understanding of mussel behavior and distribution.










Environmental Contamination in Antarctica


Book Description

Cover -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Environmental chemistry in Antarctica: the quest for accuracy -- Chapter 2. A scientific framework for environmental monitoring in Antarctica -- Chapter 3. Trace element determination in polar snow and ice. An overview of the analytical process and application in environmental and paleoclimatic studies -- Chapter 4. Natural isotopic variations in lead in polar snow and ice as indicators of source regions -- Chapter 5. Trace metals in Antarctic sea water -- Chapter 6. Trace metals monitoring as a tool for characterization of Antarctic ecosystems and environmental management. The Argentine programme at Jubany Station -- Chapter 7. Biomethylation in the Southern Ocean and its contribution to the geochemical cycle of trace elements in Antarctica -- Chapter 8. Trace metals in particulate and sediments -- Chapter 9. Polychlorobiphenyls in Antarctic matrices -- Chapter 10. Certified reference materials in Antarctic matrices: developme ...







Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States


Book Description

Summarizes the science of climate change and impacts on the United States, for the public and policymakers.







The Use of Dispersants in Marine Oil Spill Response


Book Description

Whether the result of an oil well blowout, vessel collision or grounding, leaking pipeline, or other incident at sea, each marine oil spill will present unique circumstances and challenges. The oil type and properties, location, time of year, duration of spill, water depth, environmental conditions, affected biomes, potential human community impact, and available resources may vary significantly. Also, each spill may be governed by policy guidelines, such as those set forth in the National Response Plan, Regional Response Plans, or Area Contingency Plans. To respond effectively to the specific conditions presented during an oil spill, spill responders have used a variety of response optionsâ€"including mechanical recovery of oil using skimmers and booms, in situ burning of oil, monitored natural attenuation of oil, and dispersion of oil by chemical dispersants. Because each response method has advantages and disadvantages, it is important to understand specific scenarios where a net benefit may be achieved by using a particular tool or combination of tools. This report builds on two previous National Research Council reports on dispersant use to provide a current understanding of the state of science and to inform future marine oil spill response operations. The response to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill included an unprecedented use of dispersants via both surface application and subsea injection. The magnitude of the spill stimulated interest and funding for research on oil spill response, and dispersant use in particular. This study assesses the effects and efficacy of dispersants as an oil spill response tool and evaluates trade-offs associated with dispersant use.




The Ocean Economy in 2030


Book Description

This report explores the growth prospects for the ocean economy, its capacity for future employment creation and innovation, and its role in addressing global challenges. Special attention is devoted to the emerging ocean-based industries.