Income Averaging


Book Description




Strong Towns


Book Description

A new way forward for sustainable quality of life in cities of all sizes Strong Towns: A Bottom-Up Revolution to Build American Prosperity is a book of forward-thinking ideas that breaks with modern wisdom to present a new vision of urban development in the United States. Presenting the foundational ideas of the Strong Towns movement he co-founded, Charles Marohn explains why cities of all sizes continue to struggle to meet their basic needs, and reveals the new paradigm that can solve this longstanding problem. Inside, you’ll learn why inducing growth and development has been the conventional response to urban financial struggles—and why it just doesn’t work. New development and high-risk investing don’t generate enough wealth to support itself, and cities continue to struggle. Read this book to find out how cities large and small can focus on bottom-up investments to minimize risk and maximize their ability to strengthen the community financially and improve citizens’ quality of life. Develop in-depth knowledge of the underlying logic behind the “traditional” search for never-ending urban growth Learn practical solutions for ameliorating financial struggles through low-risk investment and a grassroots focus Gain insights and tools that can stop the vicious cycle of budget shortfalls and unexpected downturns Become a part of the Strong Towns revolution by shifting the focus away from top-down growth toward rebuilding American prosperity Strong Towns acknowledges that there is a problem with the American approach to growth and shows community leaders a new way forward. The Strong Towns response is a revolution in how we assemble the places we live.




Strengthening Urban Management


Book Description

Managing cities and providing housing, essential infra structure and public services in an era of great pressures on municipal resources are challenging domestic issues in all parts of the world. Increasingly, city administrators and local government authorities in developing countries and western industrial nations are seeking to share experiences and exchange information in a search for solutions. This highly informative volume attempts to meet this critical need and to aid development cooperation among municipalities. Strengthening Urban Management presents the practical problems and approaches to the provision of housing, trans portation, and the mobilization of the requisite finance and manpower for local government in contrasting urban situ ations. It draws upon selected papers contributed to inter national meetings and world congresses sponsored by the International Union of Local Authorities, The Hague, Netherlands. Subject areas are illustrated in city examples given by mayors, administrators and planners from Lusaka, Harare, Nairobi, Osaka. Jakarta. Bandung. Vienna, Stockholm, Caracas, and Rio de Janeiro. Theme introductions and contributions from leading international and national agencies highlight Hie important role and grave difficulties facing local government in urban management and planning.




Means-Tested Transfer Programs in the United States


Book Description

Few United States government programs are as controversial as those designed to aid the poor. From tax credits to medical assistance, aid to needy families is surrounded by debate—on what benefits should be offered, what forms they should take, and how they should be administered. The past few decades, in fact, have seen this debate lead to broad transformations of aid programs themselves, with Aid to Families with Dependent Children replaced by Temporary Assistance to Needy Families, the Earned Income Tax Credit growing from a minor program to one of the most important for low-income families, and Medicaid greatly expanding its eligibility. This volume provides a remarkable overview of how such programs actually work, offering an impressive wealth of information on the nation's nine largest "means-tested" programs—that is, those in which some test of income forms the basis for participation. For each program, contributors describe origins and goals, summarize policy histories and current rules, and discuss the recipient's characteristics as well as the different types of benefits they receive. Each chapter then provides an overview of scholarly research on each program, bringing together the results of the field's most rigorous statistical examinations. The result is a fascinating portrayal of the evolution and current state of means-tested programs, one that charts a number of shifts in emphasis—the decline of cash assistance, for instance, and the increasing emphasis on work. This exemplary portrait of the nation's safety net will be an invaluable reference for anyone interested in American social policy.