OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2 Test No. 231: Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay


Book Description

This Test Guideline describes an amphibian metamorphosis assay intended to screen substances which may interfere with the normal functioning of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis. The assay was validated with the species Xenopus laevis, which is ...




OECD Series on Testing and Assessment Revised Guidance Document 150 on Standardised Test Guidelines for Evaluating Chemicals for Endocrine Disruption


Book Description

This guidance document was originally published in 2012 and updated in 2018 to reflect new and updated OECD test guidelines, as well as reflect on scientific advances in the use of test methods and assessment of the endocrine activity of chemicals.




OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4 Test No. 414: Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study


Book Description

This Test Guideline for developmental toxicity testing is designed to provide general information concerning the effects of prenatal exposure on the pregnant test animal and on the developing organism. The test substance is normally administered to ...




OECD Studies on Water Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Freshwater Monitoring and Regulating Water Quality


Book Description

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are contaminants of emerging environmental and health concern that have been detected in freshwater, wastewater and drinking water. They interfere with the endocrine system in humans and wildlife, and produce adverse effects such as developmental, reproductive, neurological and immune effects.




Test No. 421: Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test


Book Description

The test substance is administered in graduated doses to several groups of males and females. Males should be dosed for a minimum of four weeks. Females should be dosed throughout the study, so approximately 54 days. This Test Guideline is designed ...




Mixture Toxicity


Book Description

In the last decade and a half, great progress has been made in the development of concepts and models for mixture toxicity, both in human and environmental toxicology. However, due to their different protection goals, developments have often progressed in parallel but with little integration. Arguably the first book to clearly link ecotoxicology an




Green Toxicology


Book Description

Green toxicology is an integral part of green chemistry. One of the key goals of green chemistry is to design less toxic chemicals. Therefore, an understanding of toxicology and hazard assessment is important for any chemist working in green chemistry, but toxicology is rarely part of most chemists' education. As a consequence, chemists lack the toxicological lens necessary to view chemicals in order to design safer substitutions. This book seeks to fill that gap and demonstrate how a basic understanding of toxicology, as well as the tools of in silico and in vitro toxicology, can be an integral part of green chemistry. R&D chemists, product stewards, and toxicologists who work in the field of sustainability, can all benefit from integrating green toxicology principles into their work. Topics include in silico tools for hazard assessment, toxicity testing, and lifecycle considerations, this book aims to act as a bridge between green toxicologists and green chemists.




OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2 Test No. 251: Rapid Androgen Disruption Activity Reporter (RADAR) assay


Book Description

The Rapid Androgen Disruption Activity Reporter (RADAR) Test Guideline describes an aquatic assay that utilizes transgenic Oryzias latipes (O. latipes, Japanese medaka) eleutheroembryos at day post hatch zero, in a multi-well format to detect chemicals active on the androgen axis.




Food Safety Assessment Of Pesticide Residues


Book Description

Pesticides are now accepted as an integral part of modern agricultural production. This book provides analysis of the steps taken by national and international bodies working towards a cohesive global strategy for evaluating the safety of residues in food that result from approved pesticide uses. Also described is the role of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), World Health Organization (WHO) and Codex Alimentarius in developing standards that protect the health of the consumers and ensure fair practices in the food trade. It goes on to look at the promotion of good agricultural practice in the use of pesticides and the need for control in their practical use. These include sampling, testing the compliance of marketed products against legal limits and verifying the effectiveness of the safety-based regulatory measures. This is a specialist book for those looking to go into the field of international food safety, for students and lecturers studying the topic, for policy makers working on public health and agricultural issues, and personnel responsible for taking samples and performing the analysis of pesticide formulations and residues.




OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4 Test No. 426: Developmental Neurotoxicity Study


Book Description

A developmental neurotoxicity study will provide information on the effects of repeated exposure to a substance during in utero and early postnatal development. The test substance is administered daily, generally orally, to mated females (rats are ...