African Americans and the Color Line in Ohio, 1915-1930


Book Description

A study of African Americans in Ohio-notably, Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati. Giffin argues that the "color line" in Ohio hardened as the Great Migration gained force. His data shows, too, that the color line varied according to urban area, hardening progressively as one traveled South in the state.




Ohio's Response to the Increase in Spanish Speaking Populations


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Abstract: The 2000 U.S. Census results named Hispanics as the largest minority nationwide with a 58% growth rate between 1990 and 2000. Between these same years the Hispanic population in Ohio grew 55.4%. The Hispanic populations in four Ohio counties--Cuyahoga, Franklin, Lorain, and Lucas--comprise 51% of the total Ohio Hispanic population but others areas are experiencing rapid growth . In 2002 the Ohio Commission on Hispanic/Latino Affairs (OCHLA) composed a report called "The Educational Status of Hispanic/Latino students in Ohio's K-12 Public Schools 2001-2002." This report provided alarming statistics concerning Hispanic education, including the findings that 49% of Hispanics drop out of high school; most Hispanic students score almost two times below the state average on all levels of state proficiency exams; Hispanic suspension percentage rates are considerably higher than those of non-Hispanic whites in Cleveland, Lorain, and Toledo public schools; and 50% of the state's Limited English Proficient students are Spanish-speaking. It also identified barriers to improving Hispanic education as "poverty, mobility, lack of English fluency" on the students' part and on the teachers' part "low expectations and lack of cultural awareness." In early 2004 the National Hispanic Caucus of State Legislators and the National Black Caucus of State Legislators completed an information guide for the Closing the Gap Campaign which focuses on improving education for Hispanics/Latinos and African-Americans in the target states of Illinois, Maryland, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, and Texas. This informational guide provides suggestions and guidance to legislators in these states to increase funding for and improve the quality of public education. As a result of the recommendations made by both of these documents, The Ohio State University, the Ohio Department of Education, the Ohio Board of Regents, the Ohio Council of Urban Leagues, the Ohio Close the Gap Campaign, and members of the Ohio General Assembly formed a partnership to work toward education reforms. In early 2005, OCHLA established the Education Campaign Symposia Advisory Committee (ECSAC) composed of community members and representatives of these partner organizations. The objectives of this committee are to create a series of conferences and informational sessions that focus on the academic achievement gap experienced by Hispanic students. The first symposium held by ECSAC was the Soluciones Roundtable event that took place January 28, 2006 at The Ohio State University. This roundtable was attended by over 100 individuals from all over Ohio. Five levels of community were established: (1) parents & community members; (2) educators and teachers; (3) superintendents and administrators; (4) policy makers & elected officials; and (5) experts in the field of education. The objective of this symposium was to increase cooperation among the different levels of educational community. The participants of the Soluciones Roundtable were challenged to create Local Roundtable Groups in their Ohio regions defined as the Northwest, Northeast, South & West, and Central & Southeast . The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Soluciones Roundtable. Eighty-three participants of the event were asked to participate in a survey in an effort to find information about the goals formed as a result of the event, progress that has been made toward these goals, and obstacles encountered in this early stage. Participants were also asked if they would like to participate in a 10-20 minute follow-up phone interview to further discuss any concerns that they have with the Soluciones event and/or campaign. The overall objective was to identify areas for improvement that could strengthen efforts to unite the educational community of Ohio. Twenty-three participants responded to the survey and 3 of them also completed a follow-up phone interview. The majority of the participants of the study felt that the Soluciones Roundtable event met their expectations, that they would attend a similar event in the future, and provided suggestions for improvement. The participants of the study also felt that they were able to apply some of the concepts learned during the Soluciones Rountable since the time that the Roundtable took place. Based on the results of this study a number of recommendations were made to OCHLA about the future direction of this grassroots education campaign. 1. Ohio Commission on Hispanic/Latino Affairs (OCHLA), "The Educational Status of Hispanic/Latino students in Ohio's K-12 Public Schools 2001-2002." 2. Escudero, Ezra. "Education Campaign Symposia Advisory Committee (ECSAC) & Soluciones Roundtable Report." March 2006.










A Report on Population and Race


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Growth and Change


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Places of Their Own


Book Description

On Melbenan Drive just west of Atlanta, sunlight falls onto a long row of well-kept lawns. Two dozen homes line the street; behind them wooden decks and living-room windows open onto vast woodland properties. Residents returning from their jobs steer SUVs into long driveways and emerge from their automobiles. They walk to the front doors of their houses past sculptured bushes and flowers in bloom. For most people, this cozy image of suburbia does not immediately evoke images of African Americans. But as this pioneering work demonstrates, the suburbs have provided a home to black residents in increasing numbers for the past hundred years—in the last two decades alone, the numbers have nearly doubled to just under twelve million. Places of Their Own begins a hundred years ago, painting an austere portrait of the conditions that early black residents found in isolated, poor suburbs. Andrew Wiese insists, however, that they moved there by choice, withstanding racism and poverty through efforts to shape the landscape to their own needs. Turning then to the 1950s, Wiese illuminates key differences between black suburbanization in the North and South. He considers how African Americans in the South bargained for separate areas where they could develop their own neighborhoods, while many of their northern counterparts transgressed racial boundaries, settling in historically white communities. Ultimately, Wiese explores how the civil rights movement emboldened black families to purchase homes in the suburbs with increased vigor, and how the passage of civil rights legislation helped pave the way for today's black middle class. Tracing the precise contours of black migration to the suburbs over the course of the whole last century and across the entire United States, Places of Their Own will be a foundational book for anyone interested in the African American experience or the role of race and class in the making of America's suburbs. Winner of the 2005 John G. Cawelti Book Award from the American Culture Association. Winner of the 2005 Award for Best Book in North American Urban History from the Urban History Association.




The United States of Ohio


Book Description

The story of Ohio--from its geographical position to its cultural mix and economic development--and its centrality to Americans inside and outside the state.




Census Data and Its Use in the Development Process


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