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On Future Changes in Mediterranean Winter Temperatures, Precipitation and Relative Humidity

Author : Tim Sperzel

Publisher : GRIN Verlag

Page : 49 pages

File Size : 17,11 MB

Release : 2019-02-27

Category : Science

ISBN : 366888773X

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Book Description

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2017 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Meteorology, Aeronomy, Climatology, grade: 3,0, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, language: English, abstract: This thesis is going to identify the differences for the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 2.6 W/m2 scenario of the 2 meter temperature, daily precipitation and relative humidity in the Mediterranean area (30°N - 50°N and 10°W - 45°E) compared to the reference period 1971 – 2000; and also the development and main characteristics of the RCPs especially for the chosen RCP 2.6 scenario. All four RCPs deal with the time lapse from the year 1850 to 2100 and expect a continuous radiative forcing, except RCP 2.6, which is also called RCP 3-P.D. that means peak and decline. The chosen data is from the CORDEX project being part of the CMIP5, has a EUR-11 resolution (0.11°) with EC-Earth as driving GCM and RCA4 as RCM and also r12i1p1 ensemble in RCP 2.6 scenario with the periods 1971 – 2000 (reference period) and 2021 – 2050; 2071 – 2100 (experiment period). This thesis considers the Paris Agreement, which targets a maximum global warming of 1.5°C. Under the RCP 2.6 conditions the first target of the Paris Agreement, maximum 1.5°C global warming, will be achieved in the Mediterranean area compared to the chosen reference period. The Mediterranean area is characterized by mild and wet winters and also by hot and dry summers. Moreover, in the Mediterranean north the climate is arid and temperate whilst in its south it is rainy. Geographically, the Mediterranean area counts 21 countries and lies between the subtropical and temperate climate zone. This supports the evaporation along with the decreasing of soil moisture and the flow of rivers. Such a development may produce a greater risk of future droughts and heatwaves. Very strong summers in the Mediterranean area are associated with Asian and African monsoons and a strong geopotential blocking. In the future, annual mean temperatures and annual precipitation over the entire European region will increase stronger than globally. It is projected that in Europe the largest warmings and the most increasing precipitation will occur in the Mediterranean area. In addition, the number of rainy days per year will mainly increase in the north. Moreover, it is expected that there will be higher wind speed for the European region. The motivation for this topic is that the Mediterranean area will be the most prominent hotspot for the climate change in the upcoming periods. An increase of aerosols in Central Europe, Africa and Asia will significantly influence the future climate of the Mediterranean area.



The Climate of the Mediterranean Region

Author : P. Lionello

Publisher : Elsevier

Page : 593 pages

File Size : 28,40 MB

Release : 2012-04-19

Category : Nature

ISBN : 0124160425

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Book Description

The Mediterranean region contains a diverse and interesting climate ranging from areas with permanent glaciers to areas of subtropical, semiarid regions. The region is potentially sensitive to climate change and its progress has environmental, social, and economic implications within and beyond the region. Produced by the Mediterranean Climate Variability and Predictability Research Networking Project, this book reviews the evolution of the Mediterranean climate over the past two millennia with projections further into the twenty-first century as well as examining in detail various aspects of the Mediterranean region's climate including evolution, atmospheric variables, and oceanic and land elements. Integrated with this, the book also considers the social and economic problems or vulnerabilities associated with the region. Written and reviewed by multiple researchers to ensure a high level of information presented clearly, Mediterranean Climate Variables will be an invaluable source of information for geologists, oceanographers, and anyone interested in learning more about the Mediterranean climate. Written by leading experts in the field Presents clear, compelling, and concise evidence Includes the latest thinking in Mediterranean climate research



Mediterranean Type Ecosystems

Author : Francesco di Castri

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 410 pages

File Size : 24,34 MB

Release : 2012-12-06

Category : Science

ISBN : 3642655203

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Book Description

No other disjunct pieces of land present such striking similarities as the widely sepa 1 rated regions with a mediterranean type of climate, that is, the territories fringing the Mediterranean Sea, California, Central Chile and the southernmost strips of South Mrica and Australia. Similarities are not confined to climatic trends, but are also reflected in the physiognomy ofthe vegetation, in land use patterns and frequently in the general appearance of the landscape. The very close similarities in agricultural practices and sometimes also in rural settlements are dependent on the climatic and edaphic analogies, as well as on a certain commonality in qdtural history. This is certainly true for the Mediterranean Sea basin which in many ways represents a sort of ecological-cultural unit; this is also valid for CaUfornia and Chile, which were both settled by Spaniards and which showed periods of vigorous commercial and cultural interchanges as during the California gold rush. One other general feature is the massive interchange of cultivated and weed species of plants that has occurred between the five areas of the world that have a mediterranean-type climate, with the Mediterranean basin region itself as a major source. In spite of their limited territorial extension, probably no other parts of the world have played a more fundamental role in the history of mankind. Phoenician, Etruscan, Hellenic, Jewish, Roman, Christian andArab civilizations, among others,haveshapedmanyofman's present attitudes, including his position and perception vis-a-vis nature.



Mediterranean Climate Variability

Author : P. Lionello

Publisher : Elsevier

Page : 438 pages

File Size : 46,23 MB

Release : 2006-08-22

Category : Science

ISBN : 0080460798

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Book Description

This multi-authored book provides an updated description of climate variability in the Mediterranean basin, focusing on decadal and centennial time scales and on the results available on the impact of future emission scenarios at regional scale. The authors describs both local physical processes responsible for these variability - such as changes in the surface properties and land use- and globalprocesses - such as changes in the large scale atmospheric circulation associated to global warming, NAO, tropical monsoon and ENSO. Regional climate change issues are also addressed. Mediterranean Climate Variability aims to review the research on this region and to provide at the same time both an introduction and a reference for researchers. It covers topics typical of Climatology, Climate history, Meteorology, Oceanography, Environmental Science but the information here provided would also be useful for research in agriculture, social and economic studies. It is addressed to scientists and students interested in the Mediterranean climate and environment. Some topics have interesting connections to nearby regions: Northern Atlantic, West Africa, central and Eastern Europe. Each chapter will contain a summary meant to provide information to policy makers, researchers from other fields, and in general to a wide audience without a technical expertise on climate. * Provides an updated analysis of the Mediterranean climate features and guidelines for future research * Considers both oceanographic and atmospheric aspects * Analyzes the Mediterranean climate in a global perspective



Environment and Society in the Long Late Antiquity

Author :

Publisher : BRILL

Page : 407 pages

File Size : 18,88 MB

Release : 2019-01-04

Category : History

ISBN : 9004392084

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Book Description

Environment and Society in the Long Late Antiquity brings together scientific, archaeological and historical evidence on the interplay of social change and environmental phenomena at the end of Antiquity and the dawn of the Middle Ages, covering the period ca. 300-800 AD. It gives a new impetus to the study of the environmental history of this crucial period of transition between two major epochs in premodern history. The volume contains both systematic overviews of the previous scholarship and available data, as well as a number of interdisciplinary case studies. It covers a wide range of topics, including the histories of landscape, climate, disease and earthquakes, all intertwined with social, cultural, economic and political developments. Contributors are Daniel Abel-Schaad , Francesca Alba-Sánchez, Flavio Anselmetti, José Antonio López-Sáez, Daniel Ariztegui, Brunhilda Brushulli, Yolanda Carrión Marco, Alexandra Chavarría, Petra Dark, Carmen Fernández Ochoa, Martin Finné, Asuunta Florenzano, Ralph Fyfe,Didier Galop, Benjamin Graham, John Haldon, Kyle Harper, Richard Hodges, Adam Izdebski, Katarina Kouli, Inga Labuhn, Tamara Lewit, Anna Maria Mercuri, Alessia Masi, Lucas McMahon, Lee Mordechai, Mario Morellón, Timothy Newfield, Almudena Orejas Saco del Valle, Leonor Peña-Chocarro, Sebastián Pérez-Díaz, Eleonora Regattieri, Stephen Rippon, Neil Roberts, Laura Sadori, Abigail Sargent, Gaia Sinopoli, Paolo Squatriti, Giovanni Stranieri, Raymond van Dam, Bernd Wagner, Mark Whittow, Penelope Wilson, Jessie Woodbridge. See inside the book.



Wadi Flash Floods

Author : Tetsuya Sumi

Publisher : Springer Nature

Page : 559 pages

File Size : 41,81 MB

Release : 2021-10-11

Category : Nature

ISBN : 9811629048

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Book Description

This open access book brings together research studies, developments, and application-related flash flood topics on wadi systems in arid regions. The major merit of this comprehensive book is its focus on research and technical papers as well as case study applications in different regions worldwide that cover many topics and answer several scientific questions. The book chapters comprehensively and significantly highlight different scientific research disciplines related to wadi flash floods, including climatology, hydrological models, new monitoring techniques, remote sensing techniques, field investigations, international collaboration projects, risk assessment and mitigation, sedimentation and sediment transport, and groundwater quality and quantity assessment and management. In this book, the contributing authors (engineers, researchers, and professionals) introduce their recent scientific findings to develop suitable, applicable, and innovative tools for forecasting, mitigation, and water management as well as society development under seven main research themes as follows: Part 1. Wadi Flash Flood Challenges and Strategies Part 2. Hydrometeorology and Climate Changes Part 3. Rainfall–Runoff Modeling and Approaches Part 4. Disaster Risk Reduction and Mitigation Part 5. Reservoir Sedimentation and Sediment Yield Part 6. Groundwater Management Part 7. Application and Case Studies The book includes selected high-quality papers from five series of the International Symposium on Flash Floods in Wadi Systems (ISFF) that were held in 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2020 in Japan, Egypt, Oman, Morocco, and Japan, respectively. These collections of chapters could provide valuable guidance and scientific content not only for academics, researchers, and students but also for decision-makers in the MENA region and worldwide.



The Soils of Iran

Author : Mohammad Hassan Roozitalab

Publisher : Springer

Page : 257 pages

File Size : 12,87 MB

Release : 2018-03-30

Category : Nature

ISBN : 3319690485

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Book Description

This unique book addresses Iran’s extremely rich soil diversity and resources, which have developed under various climatic conditions ranging from dry to humid conditions. Featuring contributions by a group of respected experts on Iranian soils and agriculture, it provides comprehensive information on the management approaches needed for sustainable soil utilization and conservation under such conditions, and the attendant challenges. As such, it offers a valuable resource for anyone interested in soils and agriculture in Iran, but also in other Middle East and North African countries with similar climatic conditions. The book contains 14 chapters which illustrate the long history of indigenous knowledge and soil research, climate, geology and geomorphology, vegetation cover, soil forming factors and processes, major soils, properties and their classification. Furthermore, it presents past climate change and paleosols, agroecological zones, soil fertility, soil biology and biotechnology, human induced land degradation and “soil management in space and time”. In the end, major challenges facing the soil resources of the country are defined and recommendations are made to face the future challenges.



The Global Circulation of the Atmosphere

Author : Tapio Schneider

Publisher : Princeton University Press

Page : 400 pages

File Size : 10,38 MB

Release : 2022-12-13

Category : Science

ISBN : 0691242399

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Book Description

Despite major advances in the observation and numerical simulation of the atmosphere, basic features of the Earth's climate remain poorly understood. Integrating the available data and computational resources to improve our understanding of the global circulation of the atmosphere remains a challenge. Theory must play a critical role in meeting this challenge. This book provides an authoritative summary of the state of the art on this front. Bringing together sixteen of the field's leading experts to address those aspects of the global circulation of the atmosphere most relevant to climate, the book brings the reader up to date on the key frontiers in general circulation theory-including the nonlinear and turbulent global-scale dynamics that determine fundamental aspects of the Earth's climate. While emphasizing theory, as expressed through relatively simple mathematical models, it also draws connections to simulations with comprehensive general circulation models. Topics include the dynamics of storm tracks, interactions between wave dynamics and the hydrological cycle, monsoons, tropical and extratropical dynamics and interactions, and the processes controlling atmospheric humidity. An essential resource for graduate students in atmospheric, ocean, and climate sciences and for researchers seeking an overview of the field, The Global Circulation of the Atmosphere sets the standard for future research in a science that stands at a critical juncture. With a foreword by Edward Lorenz, the book includes chapters by Christopher Bretherton; Kerry Emanuel; Isaac Held; David Neelin; Raymond Pierrehumbert, Hélène Brogniez, and Rémy Roca; Alan Plumb; Walter Robinson; Tapio Schneider; Richard Seager and David Battisti; Adam Sobel; Kyle Swanson; and Pablo Zurita-Gotor and Richard Lindzen.



Empirical-statistical Downscaling

Author : Rasmus E. Benestad

Publisher : World Scientific

Page : 228 pages

File Size : 12,51 MB

Release : 2008

Category : Science

ISBN : 9812819126

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Book Description

Empirical-statistical downscaling (ESD) is a method for estimating how local climatic variables are affected by large-scale climatic conditions. ESD has been applied to local climate/weather studies for years, but there are few ? if any ? textbooks on the subject. It is also anticipated that ESD will become more important and commonplace in the future, as anthropogenic global warming proceeds. Thus, a textbook on ESD will be important for next-generation climate scientists.



Managing Protected Areas in Central and Eastern Europe Under Climate Change

Author : Sven Rannow

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 322 pages

File Size : 11,60 MB

Release : 2014-01-18

Category : Science

ISBN : 9400779607

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Book Description

Beginning with an overview of data and concepts developed in the EU-project HABIT-CHANGE, this book addresses the need for sharing knowledge and experience in the field of biodiversity conservation and climate change. There is an urgent need to build capacity in protected areas to monitor, assess, manage and report the effects of climate change and their interaction with other pressures. The contributors identify barriers to the adaptation of conservation management, such as the mismatch between planning reality and the decision context at site level. Short and vivid descriptions of case studies, drawn from investigation areas all over Central and Eastern Europe, illustrate both the local impacts of climate change and their consequences for future management. These focus on ecosystems most vulnerable to changes in climatic conditions, including alpine areas, wetlands, forests, lowland grasslands and coastal areas. The case studies demonstrate the application of adaptation strategies in protected areas like National Parks, Biosphere Reserves and Natural Parks, and reflect the potential benefits as well as existing obstacles. A general section provides the necessary background information on climate trends and their effects on abiotic and biotic components. Often, the parties to policy change and conservation management, including managers, land users and stakeholders, lack both expertise and incentives to undertake adaptation activities. The authors recognise that achieving the needed changes in behavior – habit – is as much a social learning process as a matter of science-based procedure. They describe the implementation of modeling, impact assessment and monitoring of climate conditions, and show how the results can support efforts to increase stakeholder involvement in local adaptation strategies. The book concludes by pointing out the need for more work to communicate the cross-sectoral nature of biodiversity protection, the value of well-informed planning in the long-term process of adaptation, the definition of acceptable change, and the motivational value of exchanging experience and examples of good practice.