› › Ontologies And Adaptivity In Dialogue For Question Answering

Ontologies and Adaptivity in Dialogue for Question Answering

Author : D. Sonntag

Publisher : IOS Press

Page : 422 pages

File Size : 29,33 MB

Release : 2010-01-05

Category : Computers

ISBN : 1614993386

Get eBook

Book Description

Question answering (QA) has become one of the fastest growing topics in computational linguistics and information access. To advance research in the area of dialogue-based question answering, we propose a combination of methods from different scientific fields (i.e., Information Retrieval, Dialogue Systems, Semantic Web, and Machine Learning). This book sheds light on adaptable dialogue-based question answering. We demonstrate the technical and computational feasibility of the proposed ideas, the introspective methods in particular, by beginning with an extensive introduction to the dialogical problem domain which motivates the technical implementation. The ideas have been carried out in a mature natural language processing (NLP) system, the SmartWeb dialogue system, which was developed between 2004 and 2007 by partners from academia and industry. We have attempted to make this book a self-containing text and provide an extra section on the interdisciplinary scientific background. The target audience for this book comprises of researchers and students interested in the application potential of semantic technologies for difficult AI tasks such as working dialogue and QA systems.





The Semantic Web in Earth and Space Science. Current Status and Future Directions

Author : T. Narock

Publisher : IOS Press

Page : 209 pages

File Size : 13,25 MB

Release : 2015-07-14

Category : Computers

ISBN : 161499501X

Get eBook

Book Description

The geosciences are one of the fields leading the way in advancing semantic technologies. This book continues the dialogue and feedback between the geoscience and semantic web communities. Increasing data volumes within the geosciences makes it no longer practical to copy data and perform local analysis. Hypotheses are now being tested through online tools that combine and mine pools of data. This evolution in the way research is conducted is commonly referred to as e-Science. As e-Science has flourished, the barriers to free and open access to data have been lowered and the need for semantics has been heighted. As the volume, complexity, and heterogeneity of data resources grow, geoscientists are creating new capabilities that rely on semantic approaches. Geoscience researchers are actively working toward a research environment of software tools and interfaces to data archives and services with the goals of full-scale semantic integration beginning to take shape. The members of this emerging semantic e-Science community are increasingly in need of semantic-based methodologies, tools and infrastructure. A feedback system between the geo- and computational sciences is forming. Advances in knowledge modeling, logic-based hypothesis checking, semantic data integration, and knowledge discovery are leading to advances in scientific domains, which in turn are validating semantic approaches and pointing to new research directions. We present mature semantic applications within the geosciences and stimulate discussion on emerging challenges and new research directions.



Towards the Internet of Services: The THESEUS Research Program

Author : Wolfgang Wahlster

Publisher : Springer

Page : 476 pages

File Size : 49,18 MB

Release : 2014-09-01

Category : Computers

ISBN : 3319067559

Get eBook

Book Description

The Internet of Services and the Internet of Things are major building blocks of the Future Internet. The digital enterprise of the future is based not only on mobile, social, and cloud technologies, but also on semantic technologies and the future Internet of Everything. Semantic technologies now enable mass customization for the delivery of goods and services that meet individual customer needs and tastes with near mass production efficiency and reliability. This is creating a competitive advantage in the industrial economy, the service economy, and the emerging data economy, leading to smart products, smart services, and smart data, all adaptable to specific tasks, locations, situations, and contexts of smart spaces. Such technologies allow us to describe, revise, and adapt the characteristics, functions, processes, and usage patterns of customization targets on the basis of machine-understandable content representation that enables automated processing and information sharing between human and software agents. This book explains the principal achievements of the Theseus research program, one of the central programs in the German government's Digital 2015 initiative and its High-Tech Strategy 2020. The methods, toolsets, and standards for semantic technologies developed during this program form a solid basis for the fourth industrial revolution (Industrie 4.0), the hybrid service economy, and the transformation of big data into useful smart data for the emerging data economy. The contributing authors are leading scientists and engineers, representing world-class academic and industrial research teams, and the ideas, technologies, and representative use cases they describe in the book derive from results in multidisciplinary fields, such as the Internet of Services; the Semantic Web, and semantic technologies, knowledge management, and search; user interfaces, multimodal interaction, and visualization; machine learning and data mining; and business process support, manufacturing, automation, medical systems, and integrated service engineering. The book will be of value to both researchers and practitioners in these domains.



Semantic Web Enabled Software Engineering

Author : J.Z. Pan

Publisher : IOS Press

Page : 286 pages

File Size : 49,36 MB

Release : 2014-07-16

Category : Computers

ISBN : 161499370X

Get eBook

Book Description

Over the last decade, ontology has become an important modeling component in software engineering. Semantic Web Enabled Software Engineering presents some critical findings on opening a new direction of the research of Software Engineering, by exploiting Semantic Web technologies. Most of these findings are from selected papers from the Semantic Web Enabled Software Engineering (SWESE) series of workshops starting from 2005. Edited by two leading researchers, this advanced text presents a unifying and contemporary perspective on the field. The book integrates in one volume a unified perspective on concepts and theories of connecting Software Engineering and Semantic Web. It presents state-of-the-art techniques on how to use Semantic Web technologies in Software Engineering and introduces techniques on how to design ontologies for Software Engineering.



Advances in Semantic Authoring and Publishing

Author : T. Groza

Publisher : IOS Press

Page : 262 pages

File Size : 33,55 MB

Release : 2012-08-15

Category : Computers

ISBN : 1614993475

Get eBook

Book Description

Dissemination can be seen as a communication process between scientists. Over the course of several publications, they expose and support their findings, while discussing stated claims. Such discourse structures are trapped within the content of the publications, thus making the semantics discoverable only by humans. In addition, the lack of advances in scientific publishing, where electronic publications are still used as simple projections of paper documents, combined with the current growth in the amount of scientific research being published, transforms the process of finding relevant literature into a cumbersome task. The work presented in this thesis proposes a solution that takes full advantage of the support provided by electronic publications and of the current Semantic Web technologies to expose and crystallise the different discourse structures. The goal is to pave the way towards a Semantic Publishing Ecosystem that will alleviate, at least partly, the information overload problem. Our solution relies on enriching scientific publications with explicit rhetorical and argumentation discourse structures, in addition to explicit linear structures for identification and localization, and bibliographic information. Embedding these structures within the publication documents (as semantic metadata) enables the creation of semantic publications, i.e., foundational artefacts of the Semantic Publishing Ecosystem and linked resources part of the current Web of Data.



Federated Query Processing for the Semantic Web

Author : C. Buil-Aranda

Publisher : IOS Press

Page : 200 pages

File Size : 10,54 MB

Release : 2014-01-22

Category : Computers

ISBN : 1614993505

Get eBook

Book Description

During the last years, the amount of RDF data has increased exponentially over the Web, exposed via SPARQL endpoints. These SPARQL endpoints allow users to direct SPARQL queries to the RDF data. Federated SPARQL query processing allows to query several of these RDF databases as if they were a single one, integrating the results from all of them. This is a key concept in the Web of Data and it is also a hot topic in the community. Besides of that, the W3C SPARQL-WG has standardized it in the new Recommendation SPARQL 1.1._x000D_ This book provides a formalisation of the W3C proposed recommendation. This formalisation allows to identify existing errors and allows to correct them before the implementation phase or when the execution of these federated queries start. The book constitutes a valuable resource for any implementer since it also proposes solutions to the problems identified as well as proposing a set of SPARQL pattern reordering rules, which reduce the execution time of federated queries significantly._x000D_ Another strong point of this book is the research methodology followed. It states clearly the problems in the state of the art, next defines the research hypothesis for next providing a thoroughly analysis of the semantics of the SPARQL 1.1 specification. Once the theoretical part is concluded the book steps into the implementation part, describing clearly the implementation decisions for finally evaluating the overall system.



Semantic Service Integration for Smart Grids

Author : S. Rohjans

Publisher : IOS Press

Page : 476 pages

File Size : 40,62 MB

Release : 2012-12-13

Category : Computers

ISBN : 1614993483

Get eBook

Book Description

The scope of the research presented includes semantic-based integration of data services in smart grids achieved through following the proposed (S2)In-approach developed corresponding to design science guidelines. This approach identifies standards and specifications, which are integrated in order to build the basis for the (S2)In-architecture. A process model is introduced in the beginning, which serves as framework for developing the target architecture. The first step of the process stipulates to define requirements for smart grid ICT-architectures being derived from established studies and divided into two classes: architecture and non-functional requirements (NFR). Based on the architecture requirements, the following specifications have been basically selected: The IEC CIM representing a domain-specific data model, the OPC UA being a communication standard with special respects to information modeling, and WSMO as an approach to realize the concept of Semantic Web Services. The next step specifies to develop both, a semantic information model (integration of CIM and OPC UA) and semantic services (integration of CIM and WSMO). These two components are then combined to obtain the target architecture, which allows precise descriptions of services as well as their combination and semi-automatic execution. Finally, the NFR are considered in order to evaluate the architecture based on simulated, representative use cases.



From People to Entities: New Semantic Search Paradigms for the Web

Author : G. Demartini

Publisher : IOS Press

Page : 168 pages

File Size : 50,12 MB

Release : 2014-01-07

Category : Computers

ISBN : 1614993491

Get eBook

Book Description

The exponential growth of digital information available in companies and on the Web creates the need for search tools that can respond to the most sophisticated information needs. Many user tasks would be simplified if Search Engines would support typed search, and return entities instead of just Web documents. For example, an executive who tries to solve a problem needs to find people in the company who are knowledgeable about a certain topic._x000D_ In the first part of the book, we propose a model for expert finding based on the well-consolidated vector space model for Information Retrieval and investigate its effectiveness. In the second part of the book, we investigate different methods based on Semantic Web and Natural Language Processing techniques for ranking entities of different types both in Wikipedia and, generally, on the Web. _x000D_ In the third part of this thesis, we study the problem of Entity Retrieval for news applications and the importance of the news trail history (i.e., past related articles) to determine the relevant entities in current articles. We also study opinion evolution about entities: We propose a method for automatically extracting the public opinion about political candidates from the blogosphere.



Semantic Web Technologies for Enterprise 2.0

Author : A. Passant

Publisher : IOS Press

Page : 358 pages

File Size : 13,82 MB

Release : 2010-12-08

Category : Computers

ISBN : 1614993432

Get eBook

Book Description

In this book, we detail different theories, methods and implementations combining Web 2.0 paradigms and Semantic Web technologies in Enterprise environments. After introducing those terms, we present the current shortcomings of tools such as blogs and wikis as well as tagging practices in an Enterprise 2.0 context. We define the SemSLATES methodology and the global vision of a middleware architecture based on Semantic Web technologies and Linked Data principles (languages, models, tools and protocols) to solve these issues. Then, we detail the various ontologies that we build to achieve this goal. We present on the one hand the models dedicated to socio-structural meta-data, especially SIOC – Semantically-Interlinked Online Communities –, and on the other hands models extending public ontologies for representing domain knowledge. Moreover, we detail the MOAT – Meaning Of A Tag – ontology, providing a way to combine the flexibility of tagging and the power of ontology-based indexing. We also describe several software implementations related to these models, done in the industrial context of EDF R&D, and dedicated to easily produce and use semantic annotations to enrich original tools: semantic wikis, advanced visualization interfaces (faceted browsing, semantic mash-ups, etc.) combined with a semantic search engine. Several contributions described in this thesis have been published as public ontologies or open-source software, contributing more generally to this convergence between Web 2.0 and the Semantic Web, not only in enterprise but on the Web as a whole.