Book Description
Presented at the International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress & Exposition, Houston, Texas - June 5-8, 1995.
Author : L. E. Bakken
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 15,71 MB
Release : 1995
Category :
ISBN :
Presented at the International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress & Exposition, Houston, Texas - June 5-8, 1995.
Author :
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 14,73 MB
Release : 2007
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Oxides of nitrogen (NO[subscript x]), carbon monoxide (CO) and other combustion by-products of gas turbines have long been identified as harmful atmospheric pollutants to the environment and humans. Various government agencies place restrictions on emissions and often require some sort of emissions monitoring even for new low emission gas turbines. Predicting actual emissions from operating parameters that affect the formation of pollutants, called parametric emissions monitoring system (PEMS), has potential economic advantages compared to a continuous emissions monitoring system (CEMS). The problem is that a simple applicable PEMS does not exist. During this study, a gas turbine combustor model applying first engineering principles was developed to predict the emission formation of NO[subscript x]and CO in a gas turbine. The model is based on a lean-premixed combustor with a main and pilot burner including the function of a bleeding air valve. The model relies on ambient condition and load. The load is expressed as a percentage of the target speed of the gas producer turbine. Air flow and fuel flow for the main and pilot burner are calculated by the model based on the load through a set of measured input data for a specific gas turbine. To find the combustion temperature characteristics, the combustor is divided into several zones. The temperature for each zone is calculated by applying an energy balance. To predict NO[subscript x] and CO, several correlations explored by various researchers are used and compared against each other, using the calculated temperatures, pressures and equivalence ratios. A comparison between collected emissions examples from a turbine test cell data spreadsheet and predicted emissions by the developed model under the same conditions show a highly accurate match for NO[subscript x] emission at any load. Because of the high variation of CO at part load, the model predictions only match the CO data set at full load.
Author : Anna Schwarz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 46,86 MB
Release : 2009-06-17
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 3642020380
November, 2008 Anna Schwarz, Johannes Janicka In the last thirty years noise emission has developed into a topic of increasing importance to society and economy. In ?elds such as air, road and rail traf?c, the control of noise emissions and development of associated noise-reduction techno- gies is a central requirement for social acceptance and economical competitiveness. The noise emission of combustion systems is a major part of the task of noise - duction. The following aspects motivate research: • Modern combustion chambers in technical combustion systems with low pol- tion exhausts are 5 - 8 dB louder compared to their predecessors. In the ope- tional state the noise pressure levels achieved can even be 10-15 dB louder. • High capacity torches in the chemical industry are usually placed at ground level because of the reasons of noise emissions instead of being placed at a height suitable for safety and security. • For airplanes the combustion emissions become a more and more important topic. The combustion instability and noise issues are one major obstacle for the introduction of green technologies as lean fuel combustion and premixed burners in aero-engines. The direct and indirect contribution of combustion noise to the overall core noise is still under discussion. However, it is clear that the core noise besides the fan tone will become an important noise source in future aero-engine designs. To further reduce the jet noise, geared ultra high bypass ratio fans are driven by only a few highly loaded turbine stages.
Author : Edward J. Mularz
Publisher :
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 13,58 MB
Release : 1975
Category : Aircraft exhaust emissions
ISBN :
Improved designs of swirl-can combustor modules were tested using seven-module arrays in a combustor. The combustor was operated over a pressure range of 69 to 207 N/sq cm, a fuel-air ratio range of 0.015 to 0.046, at a constant inlet air temperature of 733 K, and at reference velocities of 23.9 and 30.6 m/sec. The three designs tested performed with high combustion efficiency at all conditions tested and exhibited oxides of nitrogen emissions substantially lower than that of conventional gas turbine combustors. A correlating parameter used to extrapolate oxides of nitrogen emissions to full power or takeoff conditions for large commercial turbofan engines predicts oxides of nitrogen emissions somewhat higher than those specified in the 1979 government emissions standards.
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Page : 494 pages
File Size : 33,73 MB
Release : 1999
Category : Mechanical engineering
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Page : 574 pages
File Size : 39,1 MB
Release : 1999
Category : Mechanical engineering
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Author : Matthias Rink
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 38,89 MB
Release : 2014
Category : Motor vehicles
ISBN : 9783832536831
Compared to diesel or gasoline, using compressed natural gas as a fuel allows for significantly decreased carbon dioxide emissions. With the benefits of this technology fully exploited, substantial increases of engine efficiency can be expected in the near future. However, this will lead to exhaust gas temperatures well below the range required for the catalytic removal of residual methane, which is a strong greenhouse gas. By combination with a countercurrent heat exchanger, the temperature level of the catalyst can be raised significantly in order to achieve sufficient levels of methane conversion with minimal additional fuel penalty. This thesis provides fundamental theoretical background of these so-called heat-integrated exhaust purification systems. On this basis, prototype heat exchangers and appropriate operating strategies for highly dynamic operation in passenger cars are developed and evaluated.
Author : Daniel Briehl
Publisher :
Page : 60 pages
File Size : 34,35 MB
Release : 1972
Category : Aircraft exhaust emissions
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Publisher :
Page : 848 pages
File Size : 29,40 MB
Release : 1975
Category : Aeronautics
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Page : 1572 pages
File Size : 28,93 MB
Release : 1992
Category : Aeronautics
ISBN :