Paraxylene Production from Mixed Xylenes - Cost Analysis - Paraxylene E12A


Book Description

This report presents a cost analysis of para-Xylene production from mixed xylenes with o-xylene co-production. The process examined is a xylene isomerization process with ethylbenzene (EB) isomerization. In this process, p-Xylene is recovered from a mixture of C8 aromatics via an adsorption unit. The remaining xylenes as well as the ethylbenzene are isomerized and the product from isomerization is recycled to the adsorption unit. Part of the o-xylene is also recovered as by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 7301064, issued to UOP in 2007 (2) US Patent 3997620, issued to UOP in 1976 Keywords: Mixed Xylenes, C8 Aromatics, UOP, PAREX, Isomar, Axens, Eluxyl, ExxonMobil, Oparis, MHAI




Terephthalic Acid Production from p-Xylene - Cost Analysis - TPA E12A


Book Description

This report presents a cost analysis of Purified Terephthalic Acid (PTA) production from p-xylene. The process examined is a conventional catalytic oxidation process. In this process, p-xylene is oxidized to Terephthalic Acid. The Terephthalic Acid from reaction passes through separation and drying steps and Crude Terephthalic Acid (CTA) is obtained as an intermediate. Subsequently, the CTA is subjected to purification via hydrogenation and PTA is separated as the final product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 5292934, issued to Amoco in 1994 (2) EP Patent 0824653, issued to DuPont in 2000 (3) US Patent 9018415, issued to Davy Process Technology in 2015 Keywords: Para-xylene, Paraxylene, TPA, CTA, Hydrogenation, Amoco, Catalytic Oxidation, Acetic Acid, BP, X Technology, PET, Polyethylene Terephthalate, Bromine




Paraxylene Production from Mixed Xylenes - Cost Analysis - Paraxylene E13A


Book Description

This report presents a cost analysis of para-Xylene production from mixed xylenes. The process examined is a xylene isomerization process with ethylbenzene (EB) dealkylation. In this process, a mixture of C8 aromatics containing xylene isomers and EB is sent to an adsorption unit for the recovery of p-Xylene. The p-Xylene-depleted stream is fed into the isomerization unit, where the remaining xylenes are isomerized to equilibrium and the EB is dealkylated to benzene by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Mixed Xylenes, C8 Aromatics, UOP, PAREX, Axens, Eluxyl, BP, AMSAC




Paraxylene Production from Mixed Xylenes - Cost Analysis - Paraxylene E11A


Book Description

This report presents a cost analysis of para-Xylene production from mixed xylenes. The process examined is a xylene isomerization process with ethylbenzene (EB) isomerization. In this process, a mixture of C8 aromatics (mixed xylenes) containing xylene isomers and EB is sent to an adsorption unit for the recovery of p-Xylene. The remaining xylenes as well as the ethylbenzene are isomerized and the product from isomerization is recycled to the adsorption unit. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Mixed Xylenes, C8 Aromatics, UOP, PAREX, Isomar, Axens, Eluxyl, ExxonMobil, Oparis, MHAI




Paraxylene Production from Mixed Xylenes - Cost Analysis - Paraxylene E14A


Book Description

This report presents a cost analysis of para-Xylene production from mixed xylenes. The process examined is a xylene isomerization process with ethylbenzene (EB) dealkylation. In this process, a mixture of C8 aromatics containing xylene isomers and EB is sent to a crystallization recovery unit for p-Xylene separation. The p-Xylene-depleted stream is fed into an isomerization unit, where the remaining xylenes are isomerized to equilibrium and the EB is dealkylated to benzene by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Mixed Xylenes, C8 Aromatics, UOP, PAREX, Axens, Crystallization, Badger/Niro




Physical Adsorption of Gases


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Nuclear Data Tables


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Terephthalic Acid Production from p-Xylene - Cost Analysis - TPA E12A


Book Description

This report presents a cost analysis of Purified Terephthalic Acid (PTA) production from p-xylene. The process examined is a conventional catalytic oxidation process. In this process, p-xylene is oxidized to Terephthalic Acid. The Terephthalic Acid from reaction passes through separation and drying steps and Crude Terephthalic Acid (CTA) is obtained as an intermediate. Subsequently, the CTA is subjected to purification via hydrogenation and PTA is separated as the final product. This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses: * Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production unit (ISBL); infrastructure (OSBL) and contingency - Alternative perspective on the total fixed capital, divided in direct costs, indirect costs and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up * Production cost, broken down by: - Manufacturing variable costs (raw materials, utilities) - Manufacturing fixed costs (maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation and corporate overhead costs * Raw materials consumption, products generation and labor requirements * Process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production unit and infrastructure) This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) "Terephthalic Acid, Dimethyl Terephthalate, and Isophthalic Acid", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition; (2) EP Patent 0824653, issued to DuPont in 2000 Keywords: Para-xylene, Paraxylene, TPA, CTA, Hydrogenation, Amoco, Catalytic Oxidation, Acetic Acid, BP, X Technology, PET, Polyethylene Terephthalate, Bromine




Radiochemical Procedures


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Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters


Book Description

In the devastation that follows a major disaster, there is a need for multiple sectors to unite and devote new resources to support the rebuilding of infrastructure, the provision of health and social services, the restoration of care delivery systems, and other critical recovery needs. In some cases, billions of dollars from public, private and charitable sources are invested to help communities recover. National rhetoric often characterizes these efforts as a "return to normal." But for many American communities, pre-disaster conditions are far from optimal. Large segments of the U.S. population suffer from preventable health problems, experience inequitable access to services, and rely on overburdened health systems. A return to pre-event conditions in such cases may be short-sighted given the high costs - both economic and social - of poor health. Instead, it is important to understand that the disaster recovery process offers a series of unique and valuable opportunities to improve on the status quo. Capitalizing on these opportunities can advance the long-term health, resilience, and sustainability of communities - thereby better preparing them for future challenges. Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters identifies and recommends recovery practices and novel programs most likely to impact overall community public health and contribute to resiliency for future incidents. This book makes the case that disaster recovery should be guided by a healthy community vision, where health considerations are integrated into all aspects of recovery planning before and after a disaster, and funding streams are leveraged in a coordinated manner and applied to health improvement priorities in order to meet human recovery needs and create healthy built and natural environments. The conceptual framework presented in Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters lays the groundwork to achieve this goal and provides operational guidance for multiple sectors involved in community planning and disaster recovery. Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters calls for actions at multiple levels to facilitate recovery strategies that optimize community health. With a shared healthy community vision, strategic planning that prioritizes health, and coordinated implementation, disaster recovery can result in a communities that are healthier, more livable places for current and future generations to grow and thrive - communities that are better prepared for future adversities.