Theory of Particulate Processes


Book Description

Theory of Particulate Processes: Analysis and Techniques of Continuous Crystallization, Second Edition covers the numerous population balance-based particulate studies. This edition emerged from the notes for an industrial short course on crystallization. This book is divided into 10 chapters and begins with an outline of the methods for representation of particle distributions and a systematic approach to the predictive modeling of processes where there is a need to characterize distributions in time and space and by some identifying property. The succeeding chapters provide a specific and more elementary approach to modeling crystal size distributions, as well as the modeling the kinetics of crystal nucleation and growth rates. Other chapters discuss a wide range of system analysis and design considerations specific to crystallization for both the steady state and unsteady state. The final chapters illustrate the use of a population balance analysis to interpret data from both laboratory and process equipment. These chapters also explore a wide variety of particulate processes and systems for which the population balance analysis is useful. This book is of great value to graduate students with particulate systems course.




Processing of Particulate Solids


Book Description

Over half of the products of the chemical and process industries are sold in a particulate form. The range of such products is vast: from agrochemicals to pigments, from detergents to foods, from plastics to pharmaceuticals. However, surveys of the performance of processes designed to produce particulate products have consistently shown inadequate design and poor reliability. `Particle technology' is a new subject facing new challenges. Chemical and process engineering is becoming less concerned with the design of plants to produce generic simple chemicals (which are often single phase fluids) and is now more concerned with speciality `effect' chemicals which may often be in particulate form. Chemical and process engineers are also being recruited in increasing numbers into areas outside their tranditional fields, such as the food industry, pharmaceuticals and the manufacture of a wide variety of consumer products. This book has been written to meet their needs. It provides comprehensive coverage of the technology of particulate solids, in a form which is both accessible and concise enough to be useful to engineering and science students in the final year of an undergraduate degree, and at Master's level. Although it was written with students of chemical engineering in mind, it will also be of use and interest to students of other disciplines. It comprises an account of the fundamentals of teh subject, illustrated by worked examples, and followed by a wide range of selected applications.




Design and Processing of Particulate Products


Book Description

A unique text providing comprehensive coverage of fundamental particle science, processing and technology. Including quantitative tools, real-world case studies and end-of-chapter problems, it is ideal for students in engineering and applied sciences, as well as for practitioners in a range of industries manufacturing particulate products.




Unit Operations of Particulate Solids


Book Description

Suitable for practicing engineers and engineers in training, this book covers the most important operations involving particulate solids. Through clear explanations of theoretical principles and practical laboratory exercises, the text provides an understanding of the behavior of powders and pulverized systems. It also helps readers develop skills for operating, optimizing, and innovating particle processing technologies and machinery in order to carry out industrial operations. The author explores common bulk solids processing operations, including milling, agglomeration, fluidization, mixing, and solid-fluid separation.




Model-Based Control of Particulate Processes


Book Description

Particulate processes are characterized by the co-presence of a contin uous phase and a dispersed (particulate) phase, and are widely used in industry for the manufacturing of many high-value products. Examples include the crystallization of proteins for pharmaceutical applications, the emulsion polymerization reactors for the production of latex, the aerosol synthesis of titania powder used in the production of white pig ments, and the thermal spray processing of nanostructured coatings. It is now well understood that the physico-chemical and mechanical properties of materials made with particulates depend heavily on the characteristics of the corresponding particle size distribution. This fact, together with recent advances in dynamics of infinite-dimensional sys tems and nonlinear control theory, has motivated extensive research on model-based control of particulate processes using population balances to achieve tight control of particle size distributions. This book - the first of its kind - presents general methods for the synthesis of nonlinear, robust and constrained feedback controllers for broad classes of particulate process models and illustrates their applica tions to industrially-important crystallization, aerosol and thermal spray processes. The controllers use a finite number of measurement sensors and control actuators to achieve stabilization of the closed-loop system, output tracking, attenuation of the effect of model uncertainty and han dling of actuator saturation.




Predictive Process Control of Crowded Particulate Suspensions


Book Description

Wisdom is the principal thing; therefore get wisdom; and with all thy getting, get understanding. Proverbs 4:7 In the early chapters of the book of Proverbs there is a strong emphasis on three words: knowledge, understanding, and wisdom. Perhaps we can apply these words to our philosophy behind the technology of Predictive Process Control. Knowledge is the accumulation of information provided by education as we begin to store the data in our brains that should prepare us for the challenges of the manufacturing environment. It applies to every level and every opportunity of education, formal and informal. This is simply to Know, without any requirement except a good memory, and is the basis for the following two thoughts. Understanding is the assimilation of knowledge, or the thinking process, as we begin to arrange and rearrange the data we Know for quick recall as it may be needed. This also applies to every level and opportunity of education. It is Know-Why based upon what we Know, and it requires some scepticism of oversimplified answers and a hunger for mental consistency. Wisdom is the application of both knowledge and understanding in real life enterprises. As we apply both our knowledge and understanding in those situations, all three are further enhanced by each progressive experience. This is that wonderful Know-How - to apply our education based upon Know-why, which was based upon Knowledge - which provides the confidence we need to advance in all phases of performance.




Airborne Particulate Matter


Book Description

The estimated health impacts and associated economic costs resulting from airborne particulate matter are substantial. Exposure to airborne fine particles ranks highly amongst preventable causes of disease. This book reviews the sources and atmospheric processes affecting airborne particulate matter and consequent impacts upon human health. Examining the latest information on the sources of particles in the atmosphere, both through direct emissions and atmospheric formation, the book also explores the methods which are used to estimate the contributions of different sources to airborne concentrations. Featuring case studies from recent assessments in Europe, the USA, China and India, the book provides a global overview of source apportionment. The health effects are reviewed in the context of the influence of sources, chemical composition and particle size upon relative toxicity. This comprehensive book is an important reference for policymakers and consultants working with pollution and human health, as well as academics working in atmospheric chemistry.







Metal Shaping Processes


Book Description

As the only comprehensive text focusing on metal shaping processes, which are still the most widely used processes in the manufacture of products and structures, Metal Shaping Processes carefully presents the fundamentals of metal shaping processes with their relevant applications. The treatment of the subject matter is adequately descriptive for those unfamiliar with the various processes and yet is sufficiently analytical for an introductory academic course in manufacturing. The text, as well as the numerous formulas and illustrations in each chapter, clearly show that shaping processes, as a part of manufacturing engineering, are a complex and interdisciplinary subject. The topics are organized and presented in such a manner that they motivate and challenge students to present technically and economically viable solutions to a wide variety of questions and problems, including product design. It is the perfect textbook for students in mechanical, industrial, and manufacturing engineering programs at both the Associate Degree and Bachelor Degree programs, as well a valuable reference for manufacturing engineers (those who design, execute and maintain the equipment and tools); process engineers (those who plan and engineer the manufacturing steps, equipment, and tooling needed in production); manufacturing managers and supervisors; product design engineers; and maintenance and reliability managers and technicians. Each chapter begins with a brief highlighted outline of the topics to be described. Carefully presents the fundamentals of the particular metal-shaping process with its relevant applications within each chapter, so that the student and teacher can clearly assess the capabilities, limitation, and potentials of the process and its competitive aspects. Features sections on product design considerations, which present guidelines on design for manufacturing in many of the chapters. Offers practical, understandable explanations, even for complex processes. Includes text entries that are coded as in an outline, with these numerical designations carried over the 320 related illustrations for easy cross-referencing. Provides a dual (ISO and USA) unit system. Contains end-of-chapter Review Questions. Includes a chapter on sheet metalworking covering cutting processes; bending process; tubes and pipe bending; deep drawing processes; other sheet metal forming process (stretch forming, spinning, rubber forming, and superplatic forming and diffusion bonding). Provides a useful die classification with 15 illustrations and description; presses for sheet metalworking; and high energy-rate forming processes. A chapter on nontraditional manufacturing process discusses such important processes as mechanical energy processes (ultrasonic machining, water jet cutting); electrochemical machining processes (electrochemical machining, electrochemical grinding); thermal energy processes (electric discharge processes, laser beam machining, electron beam machining); and chemical processes (chemical milling).




4090 Sheet Metal / HVAC Pro Calc Calculator


Book Description

The Sheet Metal/HVAC Pro Calc is a versatile calculator that enables tradesmen to calculate complex problems with dedicated key functions that are labeled in standard industry terms. The calculator has other advanced built-in construction-math functions to enable HVAC and sheet metal tradesmen to do their work alongside other trades. In addition to the built-in functions, this calculator can handle order of operation, using the parenthesis operators. It can also perform square, cube, square root, and cube root calculations. Plus, it works as a regular calculator with typical symbols. The calculator can be used to determine ArcK constant for convenient Arc length solutions. And it has an offset functions for "S-shaped" bends in ductwork. It can also help solve the layout for wrapper length, centerline radius, and the angle. Features CUSTOM HVAC & SHEET METAL functions let you simplify Test and Balance (TAB) with built-in Fan Law function: CFM, RPM, SP and BHP; velocity and velocity pressure: FPM, VP, MPS, KPa; ArcK constant for convenient Arc length solutions; and offset functions FUNCTIONS AND TERMINOLOGY consistent with sheet metal and HVAC trade terminology; x, y, r (radius), theta and Seg Radius functions; works in and converts between feet-inch-fractions, decimal feet and inches and metric also converts between polar and rectangular coordinates PARENTHESIS OPERATORS allows you to easily enter complex formulas; order of operations calculations retain familiar mathematical hierarchy as a default preference; trigonometric operation and sequence; and you can calculate square, square root, cube, and cube root; easy non-90 triangles and right-angle solutions for ductwork length and angles MEMORY STORAGE conveniently stores frequently used constants or interim solutions; Memory swap lets you easily insert stored values into current calculations and simultaneously store calculated values while recalling and displaying Memory contents; other settable User Preferences INVALUABLE TRADE TOOL PAYS FOR ITSELF by reducing headaches, saving time, and preventing expensive material errors on all your projects. Comes with a rugged shock, dust and moisture-resistant Armadillo Gear protective case, quick reference guide and complete user's guide, a long-life battery, and a one-year limited warranty.