› › Path Planning And Tracking For Vehicle Collision Avoidance In Lateral And Longitudinal Motion Directions

Path Planning and Tracking for Vehicle Collision Avoidance in Lateral and Longitudinal Motion Directions

Author : Jie Ji

Publisher : Springer Nature

Page : 144 pages

File Size : 47,54 MB

Release : 2022-06-01

Category : Technology & Engineering

ISBN : 303101507X

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Book Description

In recent years, the control of Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) has attracted strong attention for various automotive applications. One of the important features demanded of CAVs is collision avoidance, whether it is a stationary or a moving obstacle. Due to complex traffic conditions and various vehicle dynamics, the collision avoidance system should ensure that the vehicle can avoid collision with other vehicles or obstacles in longitudinal and lateral directions simultaneously. The longitudinal collision avoidance controller can avoid or mitigate vehicle collision accidents effectively via Forward Collision Warning (FCW), Brake Assist System (BAS), and Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB), which has been commercially applied in many new vehicles launched by automobile enterprises. But in lateral motion direction, it is necessary to determine a flexible collision avoidance path in real time in case of detecting any obstacle. Then, a path-tracking algorithm is designed to assure that the vehicle will follow the predetermined path precisely, while guaranteeing certain comfort and vehicle stability over a wide range of velocities. In recent years, the rapid development of sensor, control, and communication technology has brought both possibilities and challenges to the improvement of vehicle collision avoidance capability, so collision avoidance system still needs to be further studied based on the emerging technologies. In this book, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current collision avoidance strategies for traditional vehicles and CAVs. First, the book introduces some emergency path planning methods that can be applied in global route design and local path generation situations which are the most common scenarios in driving. A comparison is made in the path-planning problem in both timing and performance between the conventional algorithms and emergency methods. In addition, this book introduces and designs an up-to-date path-planning method based on artificial potential field methods for collision avoidance, and verifies the effectiveness of this method in complex road environment. Next, in order to accurately track the predetermined path for collision avoidance, traditional control methods, humanlike control strategies, and intelligent approaches are discussed to solve the path-tracking problem and ensure the vehicle successfully avoids the collisions. In addition, this book designs and applies robust control to solve the path-tracking problem and verify its tracking effect in different scenarios. Finally, this book introduces the basic principles and test methods of AEB system for collision avoidance of a single vehicle. Meanwhile, by taking advantage of data sharing between vehicles based on V2X (vehicle-to-vehicle or vehicle-to-infrastructure) communication, pile-up accidents in longitudinal direction are effectively avoided through cooperative motion control of multiple vehicles.



Pattern Recognition

Author : Ansel Yoan Rodríguez-González

Publisher : Springer Nature

Page : 338 pages

File Size : 25,47 MB

Release : 2023-06-08

Category : Computers

ISBN : 3031337832

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Book Description

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th Mexican Conference on Pattern Recognition, MCPR 2023, held in Tepic, Mexico, during June 21–24, 2023. The 30 full papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 61 submissions. The papers are divided into the following topical sections: pattern recognition and machine learning techniques; deep learning and neural networks; medical applications of pattern recognition; language processing and recognition; and industrial applications of pattern recognition.



Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Energy Management for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Author : Li Yeuching

Publisher : Springer Nature

Page : 123 pages

File Size : 10,99 MB

Release : 2022-06-01

Category : Technology & Engineering

ISBN : 3031792068

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Book Description

The urgent need for vehicle electrification and improvement in fuel efficiency has gained increasing attention worldwide. Regarding this concern, the solution of hybrid vehicle systems has proven its value from academic research and industry applications, where energy management plays a key role in taking full advantage of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). There are many well-established energy management approaches, ranging from rules-based strategies to optimization-based methods, that can provide diverse options to achieve higher fuel economy performance. However, the research scope for energy management is still expanding with the development of intelligent transportation systems and the improvement in onboard sensing and computing resources. Owing to the boom in machine learning, especially deep learning and deep reinforcement learning (DRL), research on learning-based energy management strategies (EMSs) is gradually gaining more momentum. They have shown great promise in not only being capable of dealing with big data, but also in generalizing previously learned rules to new scenarios without complex manually tunning. Focusing on learning-based energy management with DRL as the core, this book begins with an introduction to the background of DRL in HEV energy management. The strengths and limitations of typical DRL-based EMSs are identified according to the types of state space and action space in energy management. Accordingly, value-based, policy gradient-based, and hybrid action space-oriented energy management methods via DRL are discussed, respectively. Finally, a general online integration scheme for DRL-based EMS is described to bridge the gap between strategy learning in the simulator and strategy deployment on the vehicle controller.



Behavior Analysis and Modeling of Traffic Participants

Author : Xiaolin Song

Publisher : Springer Nature

Page : 160 pages

File Size : 22,84 MB

Release : 2022-06-01

Category : Technology & Engineering

ISBN : 3031015096

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Book Description

A road traffic participant is a person who directly participates in road traffic, such as vehicle drivers, passengers, pedestrians, or cyclists, however, traffic accidents cause numerous property losses, bodily injuries, and even deaths to them. To bring down the rate of traffic fatalities, the development of the intelligent vehicle is a much-valued technology nowadays. It is of great significance to the decision making and planning of a vehicle if the pedestrians' intentions and future trajectories, as well as those of surrounding vehicles, could be predicted, all in an effort to increase driving safety. Based on the image sequence collected by onboard monocular cameras, we use the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) based network with an enhanced attention mechanism to realize the intention and trajectory prediction of pedestrians and surrounding vehicles. However, although the fully automatic driving era still seems far away, human drivers are still a crucial part of the road‒driver‒vehicle system under current circumstances, even dealing with low levels of automatic driving vehicles. Considering that more than 90 percent of fatal traffic accidents were caused by human errors, thus it is meaningful to recognize the secondary task while driving, as well as the driving style recognition, to develop a more personalized advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) or intelligent vehicle. We use the graph convolutional networks for spatial feature reasoning and the LSTM networks with the attention mechanism for temporal motion feature learning within the image sequence to realize the driving secondary-task recognition. Moreover, aggressive drivers are more likely to be involved in traffic accidents, and the driving risk level of drivers could be affected by many potential factors, such as demographics and personality traits. Thus, we will focus on the driving style classification for the longitudinal car-following scenario. Also, based on the Structural Equation Model (SEM) and Strategic Highway Research Program 2 (SHRP 2) naturalistic driving database, the relationships among drivers' demographic characteristics, sensation seeking, risk perception, and risky driving behaviors are fully discussed. Results and conclusions from this short book are expected to offer potential guidance and benefits for promoting the development of intelligent vehicle technology and driving safety.



Modeling for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles Using Simscape

Author : Shuvra Das

Publisher : Springer Nature

Page : 208 pages

File Size : 36,78 MB

Release : 2022-06-01

Category : Technology & Engineering

ISBN : 3031015088

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Book Description

Automobiles have played an important role in the shaping of the human civilization for over a century and continue to play a crucial role today. The design, construction, and performance of automobiles have evolved over the years. For many years, there has been a strong shift toward electrification of automobiles. It started with the by-wire systems where more efficient electro-mechanical subsystems started replacing purely mechanical devices, e.g., anti-lock brakes, drive-by-wire, and cruise control. Over the last decade, driven by a strong push for fuel efficiency, pollution reduction, and environmental stewardship, electric and hybrid electric vehicles have become quite popular. In fact, almost all the automobile manufacturers have adopted strategies and launched vehicle models that are electric and/or hybrid. With this shift in technology, employers have growing needs for new talent in areas such as energy storage and battery technology, power electronics, electric motor drives, embedded control systems, and integration of multi-disciplinary systems. To support these needs, universities are adjusting their programs to train students in these new areas of expertise. For electric and hybrid technology to deliver superior performance and efficiency, all sub-systems have to work seamlessly and in unison every time and all the time. To ensure this level of precision and reliability, modeling and simulation play crucial roles during the design and development cycle of electric and hybrid vehicles. Simscape, a Matlab/Simulink toolbox for modeling physical systems, is an ideally suited platform for developing and deploying models for systems and sub-systems that are critical for hybrid and electric vehicles. This text will focus on guiding the reader in the development of models for all critical areas of hybrid and electric vehicles. There are numerous texts on electric and hybrid vehicles in the market right now. A majority of these texts focus on the relevant technology and the physics and engineering of their operation. In contrast, this text focuses on the application of some of the theories in developing models of physical systems that are at the core of hybrid and electric vehicles. Simscape is the tool of choice for the development of these models. Relevant background and appropriate theory are referenced and summarized in the context of model development with significantly more emphasis on the model development procedure and obtaining usable and accurate results.



Model Predictive Control System Design and Implementation Using MATLAB®

Author : Liuping Wang

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 398 pages

File Size : 45,10 MB

Release : 2009-02-14

Category : Technology & Engineering

ISBN : 1848823312

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Book Description

Model Predictive Control System Design and Implementation Using MATLAB® proposes methods for design and implementation of MPC systems using basis functions that confer the following advantages: - continuous- and discrete-time MPC problems solved in similar design frameworks; - a parsimonious parametric representation of the control trajectory gives rise to computationally efficient algorithms and better on-line performance; and - a more general discrete-time representation of MPC design that becomes identical to the traditional approach for an appropriate choice of parameters. After the theoretical presentation, coverage is given to three industrial applications. The subject of quadratic programming, often associated with the core optimization algorithms of MPC is also introduced and explained. The technical contents of this book is mainly based on advances in MPC using state-space models and basis functions. This volume includes numerous analytical examples and problems and MATLAB® programs and exercises.



Path Planning for Autonomous Vehicle

Author : Umar Zakir Abdul Hamid

Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand

Page : 150 pages

File Size : 39,80 MB

Release : 2019-10-02

Category : Transportation

ISBN : 1789239915

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Book Description

Path Planning (PP) is one of the prerequisites in ensuring safe navigation and manoeuvrability control for driverless vehicles. Due to the dynamic nature of the real world, PP needs to address changing environments and how autonomous vehicles respond to them. This book explores PP in the context of road vehicles, robots, off-road scenarios, multi-robot motion, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs ).



Autonomous Road Vehicle Path Planning and Tracking Control

Author : Levent Guvenc

Publisher : John Wiley & Sons

Page : 260 pages

File Size : 38,84 MB

Release : 2021-12-29

Category : Technology & Engineering

ISBN : 1119747945

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Book Description

Discover the latest research in path planning and robust path tracking control In Autonomous Road Vehicle Path Planning and Tracking Control, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a practical and insightful exploration of how to design robust path tracking control. The authors include easy to understand concepts that are immediately applicable to the work of practicing control engineers and graduate students working in autonomous driving applications. Controller parameters are presented graphically, and regions of guaranteed performance are simple to visualize and understand. The book discusses the limits of performance, as well as hardware-in-the-loop simulation and experimental results that are implementable in real-time. Concepts of collision and avoidance are explained within the same framework and a strong focus on the robustness of the introduced tracking controllers is maintained throughout. In addition to a continuous treatment of complex planning and control in one relevant application, the Autonomous Road Vehicle Path Planning and Tracking Control includes: A thorough introduction to path planning and robust path tracking control for autonomous road vehicles, as well as a literature review with key papers and recent developments in the area Comprehensive explorations of vehicle, path, and path tracking models, model-in-the-loop simulation models, and hardware-in-the-loop models Practical discussions of path generation and path modeling available in current literature In-depth examinations of collision free path planning and collision avoidance Perfect for advanced undergraduate and graduate students with an interest in autonomous vehicles, Autonomous Road Vehicle Path Planning and Tracking Control is also an indispensable reference for practicing engineers working in autonomous driving technologies and the mobility groups and sections of automotive OEMs.



Creating Autonomous Vehicle Systems

Author : Shaoshan Liu

Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers

Page : 285 pages

File Size : 44,15 MB

Release : 2017-10-25

Category : Computers

ISBN : 1681731673

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Book Description

This book is the first technical overview of autonomous vehicles written for a general computing and engineering audience. The authors share their practical experiences of creating autonomous vehicle systems. These systems are complex, consisting of three major subsystems: (1) algorithms for localization, perception, and planning and control; (2) client systems, such as the robotics operating system and hardware platform; and (3) the cloud platform, which includes data storage, simulation, high-definition (HD) mapping, and deep learning model training. The algorithm subsystem extracts meaningful information from sensor raw data to understand its environment and make decisions about its actions. The client subsystem integrates these algorithms to meet real-time and reliability requirements. The cloud platform provides offline computing and storage capabilities for autonomous vehicles. Using the cloud platform, we are able to test new algorithms and update the HD map—plus, train better recognition, tracking, and decision models. This book consists of nine chapters. Chapter 1 provides an overview of autonomous vehicle systems; Chapter 2 focuses on localization technologies; Chapter 3 discusses traditional techniques used for perception; Chapter 4 discusses deep learning based techniques for perception; Chapter 5 introduces the planning and control sub-system, especially prediction and routing technologies; Chapter 6 focuses on motion planning and feedback control of the planning and control subsystem; Chapter 7 introduces reinforcement learning-based planning and control; Chapter 8 delves into the details of client systems design; and Chapter 9 provides the details of cloud platforms for autonomous driving. This book should be useful to students, researchers, and practitioners alike. Whether you are an undergraduate or a graduate student interested in autonomous driving, you will find herein a comprehensive overview of the whole autonomous vehicle technology stack. If you are an autonomous driving practitioner, the many practical techniques introduced in this book will be of interest to you. Researchers will also find plenty of references for an effective, deeper exploration of the various technologies.



Automotive Model Predictive Control

Author : Luigi Del Re

Publisher : Springer

Page : 291 pages

File Size : 19,30 MB

Release : 2010-03-11

Category : Technology & Engineering

ISBN : 1849960712

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Book Description

Automotive control has developed over the decades from an auxiliary te- nology to a key element without which the actual performances, emission, safety and consumption targets could not be met. Accordingly, automotive control has been increasing its authority and responsibility – at the price of complexity and di?cult tuning. The progressive evolution has been mainly ledby speci?capplicationsandshorttermtargets,withthe consequencethat automotive control is to a very large extent more heuristic than systematic. Product requirements are still increasing and new challenges are coming from potentially huge markets like India and China, and against this ba- ground there is wide consensus both in the industry and academia that the current state is not satisfactory. Model-based control could be an approach to improve performance while reducing development and tuning times and possibly costs. Model predictive control is a kind of model-based control design approach which has experienced a growing success since the middle of the 1980s for “slow” complex plants, in particular of the chemical and process industry. In the last decades, severaldevelopments haveallowedusing these methods also for “fast”systemsandthis hassupporteda growinginterestinitsusealsofor automotive applications, with several promising results reported. Still there is no consensus on whether model predictive control with its high requi- ments on model quality and on computational power is a sensible choice for automotive control.