Dealing with Conceptualisations of Learning


Book Description

This book addresses the multiple aims/means structure in educational processes of learning. Learning happens everywhere. When dealing with learning in educational contexts, means and aims always have both a normative and an instrumental content. Furthermore, learning always actualises itself in terms of methods and targets and must be viewed from a teacher’s as well as a student’s perspective. The book deals with learning by using ‘means’ and ‘aim’ as metaphors and analytical categories. As a mean, learning is the description of ‘something which happens in a process’. As an aim, learning is the description of a kind of expertise, which might be the result of a learning process. In order to get an analytical grip of learning as a phenomenon in teaching and within student/teacher interactions, the book conceptualises and discusses the multiple aims/means structure, which we assume characterises processes of learning that involve a teacher and a student.




Patterns of Protest


Book Description

Asked to name an activist, many people think of someone like Cesar Chavez or Rosa Parks—someone uniquely and passionately devoted to a cause. Yet, two-thirds of Americans report having belonged to a social movement, attended a protest, or engaged in some form of contentious political activity. Activism, in other words, is something that the vast majority of people engage in. This book examines these more common experiences to ask how and when people choose to engage with political causes. Corrigall-Brown reveals how individual characteristics and life experiences impact the pathway of participation, illustrating that the context and period in which a person engages are critical. This is the real picture of activism, one in which many people engage, in a multitude of ways and with varying degrees of continuity. This book challenges the current conceptualization of activism and pushes us to more systematically examine the varying ways that individuals participate in contentious politics over their lifetimes.




Political Participation and Democracy in Britain


Book Description

The results of a survey on the level and patterns of political involvement in Britain.




Political Participation, Diffused Governance, and the Transformation of Democracy


Book Description

Although democratic governments have introduced a number of institutional reforms in part intended to increase citizens’ political involvement, studies show a continued decline in regular political engagement. This book examines different forms of political participation in democracies, and in what way the delegation of public responsibilities—or, the diffusion of politics—has affected patterns of participation since the 1980s. The book addresses this paradox by directly investigating the impact of institutional changes on citizens’ political participation empirically. It re-analyses patterns of political participation in contemporary democracies, providing an in-depth time series cross-sectional analysis that helps develop a better understanding of how variation in political participation can be explained, both between countries and over time. As such, it develops an institutional theoretical framework which can help to explain levels of participation and shows that, instead of displaying more political apathy, citizens have reallocated or displaced their activities to a broader array of forms of participation. This book will be of key interest to students and scholars of comparative politics, democratization, political participation and electoral politics.










Patterns of Participation in Canadian Literacy and Upgrading Programs


Book Description

In early 1999, ABC Canada and Literacy British Columbia (BC) worked with 55 literacy organizations across Canada to study student recruitment and retention. Telephone interviews were conducted with 338 people who had contacted programs seeking literacy information or services (callers). Findings indicated callers constituted a broad cross-section of people, from all age groups, from large and small communities, with a very wide range of formal education and employment status; callers heard about programs and how to contact them through media advertising and posters, telephone book, community groups, agencies, schools, and word-of-mouth; callers were seeking help with reading and writing, getting a high school diploma or credits, math alone or as a component with reading and writing, employability skills, or English as a second language; more callers were interested in improving literacy skills for personal, social, and general educational reasons than for job or retraining purposes; less than half of callers enrolled in a program; program/policy-related factors were the main reasons driving non-enrollment for the most callers; socioeconomic-circumstantial factors were the main reason reported by more than half of dropouts; and of those who had completed or were still in a program, 88 percent reported high levels of satisfaction with program level, content, and teaching structure. National Follow-Up Survey is appended. (Contains 48 figures, 42 references, and an index.) (YLB)




The Promise of Participation


Book Description

To what extent does participation in one particular domain of public life lead to wider participation in other areas? Through the use of an unprecedented survey supported by case studies this book explores how participatory governance in community-managed schools can alter the civic and political behaviour of participants.




The Oxford Handbook of Participation in Organizations


Book Description

Employee participation encompasses the range of mechanisms used to involve the workforce in decisions at all levels of the organization - whether direct or indirect - conducted with employees or through their representatives. In its various guises, the topic of employee participation has been a recurring theme in industrial relations and human resource management. One of the problems in trying to develop any analysis of participation is that there is potentially limited overlap between these different disciplinary traditions, and scholars from diverse traditions may know relatively little of the research that has been done elsewhere. Accordingly in this book, a number of the more significant disciplinary areas are analysed in greater depth in order to ensure that readers gain a better appreciation of what participation means from these quite different contextual perspectives. Not only is there a range of different traditions contributing to the research and literature on the subject, there is also an extremely diverse sets of practices that congregate under the banner of participation. The handbook discusses various arguments and schools of thought about employee participation, analyzes the range of forms that participation can take in practice, and examines the way in which it meets objectives that are set for it, either by employers, trade unions, individual workers, or, indeed, the state. In doing so, the Handbook brings together leading scholars from around the world who present and discuss fundamental theories and approaches to participation in organization as well as their connection to broader political forces. These selections address the changing contexts of employee participation, different cultural/ institutional models, old/'new' economy models, shifting social and political patterns, and the correspondence between industrial and political democracy and participation.




Patterns of Commoning


Book Description

What accounts for the persistence and spread of "commoning," the irrepressible desire of people to collaborate and share to meet everyday needs? How are the more successful projects governed? And why are so many people embracing the commons as a powerful strategy for building a fair, humane and Earth-respecting social order? In more than fifty original essays, Patterns of Commoning addresses these questions and probes the inner complexities of this timeless social paradigm. The book surveys some of the most notable, inspiring commons around the world, from alternative currencies and open design and manufacturing, to centuries-old community forests and co-learning commons - and dozens of others. David Bollier (www.bollier.org) is an American author, activist and independent scholar who has studied the commons for nearly twenty years. Silke Helfrich (commonsblog.wordpress.com) is a German author and independent activist of the commons who blogs at www.commonsblog.de, and cofounder of the Commons-Institut in Germany. With Michel Bauwens, Bollier and Helfrich are cofounders of the Common Strategies Group. For more information, go to the book's website, Patterns of Commoning (www.patternsofcommoning.org)