Medieval Commentaries on Aristotle's Categories


Book Description

The contributors to this volume cover a wide range of philosophers, from Simplicius to John Wyclif, and philosophical problems, including: the harmony of Platonism and Aristotelianism; the relationship between logic, and metaphysics; the number of categories; and realism vs. nominalism.




Questions on Aristotle's Categories


Book Description

This work is the first English translation of Scotus's commentary on Aristotle's Quaestiones super Praedicamenta. Although there are numerous Latin commentaries on Aristotle's Categories, Scotus's Questions is one of the few commentaries on the Categories written in the thirteenth century covering all of Aristotle's text, including the often neglected post-praedicamenta, and the only complete Latin commentary available in English. Moreover, unlike many of the commentaries, Scotus's text is one of the last commentaries to be written before the nominalist reduction of the categories to substance and quality. The question format allows Scotus a great deal of liberty to discuss the categories in detail, as well as matters that are only remotely raised by the text. Altogether, the forty-four questions cover the following subjects: questions 1-4 are prolegomena to the work itself and raise the question of its subject matter as well as whether there can be a science of the categories; questions 5-8 deal with equivocals, univocals, and denominatives; questions 9-11 discuss Aristotle's two rules regarding predication and the sufficiency of the categories; questions 12-36 discuss the four main categories treated by Aristotle, namely, substance, quantity, relation, and quality; and the remaining eight questions discuss the post-praedicamenta.




On Determining What There is


Book Description

Generally, categories are understood to express the most general features of reality. Yet, since categories have this special status, obtaining a correct list of them is difficult. This question is addressed by examining how Thomas Aquinas establishes the list of categories through a technique of identifying diversity in how predicates are per se related to their subjects. A sophisticated critique by Duns Scotus of this position is also examined, a rejection which is fundamentally grounded in the idea that no real distinction can be made from a logical one. It is argued Aquinas's approach can be rehabilitated in that real distinctions are possible when specifically considering per se modes of predication. This discussion between Aquinas and Scotus bears fruit in a contemporary context insofar as it bears upon, strengthens, and seeks to correct E. J. Lowe's four-category ontology view regarding the identity and relation of the categories.




A Companion to the Latin Medieval Commentaries on Aristotle’s Metaphysics


Book Description

Few philosophical books have been so influential in the development of Western thought as Aristotle’s Metaphysics. For centuries Aristotle’s most celebrated work has been regarded as a source of inspiration as well as the starting point for every investigation into the structure of reality. Not surprisingly, the topics discussed in the book – the scientific status of ontology and metaphysics, the foundations of logical truths, the notions of essence and existence, the nature of material objects and their properties, the status of mathematical entities, just to mention some – are still at the centre of the current philosophical debate and are likely to excite philosophical minds for many years to come. This volume reconstructs in fourteen chapters a particular phase in the long history of the Metaphysics by focusing on the medieval reception of Aristotle’s masterpiece, specifically from its introduction in the Latin West in the twelfth through fifteenth centuries. Contributors include: Marta Borgo, Matteo di Giovanni, Amos Bertolacci, Silvia Donati, Gabriele Galluzzo, Alessandro D. Conti, Sten Ebbesen, Fabrizio Amerini, Giorgio Pini, Roberto Lambertini, William O. Duba, Femke J. Kok, and Paul J.J.M. Bakker.




Categories and Logic in Duns Scotus


Book Description

This volume deals with thirteenth-century interpretations of Aristotle’s Categories, providing at the same time an introduction to some main themes of medieval philosophical logic. It analyzes various answers to the question whether the Aristotle’s short and influential treatise is a logical or a metaphysical work, and to the connected question, whether categories are words, concepts, or things. It also presents the doctrine of the so-called ‘second intentions’, and traces the influence that it had on the interpretation of the Categories in authors such as Thomas Aquinas, Peter of Auvergne, Simon of Faversham, Radulphus Brito, and Duns Scotus. The last two chapters, entirely devoted to Duns Scotus’s reading of the Categories, provide a systematic introduction to Scotus’s commentary on Aristotle’s treatise, which has hitherto been largely neglected.




Meaning and Inference in Medieval Philosophy


Book Description

The studies that make up this book were written and brought together to honor the memory of Jan Pinborg. His unexpected death in 1982 at the age of forty-five shocked and saddened students of medieval philosophy everywhere and left them with a keen sense of disappoint ment. In his fifteen-year career Jan Pinborg had done so much for our field with his more than ninety books, editions, articles, and reviews and had done it all so well that we recognized him as a leader and counted on many more years of his scholarship, his help, and his friendship. To be missed so sorely by his international colleagues in an academic field is a mark of Jan's achievement, but only of one aspect of it, for historians of philosophy are not the only scholars who have reacted in this way to Jan's death. In his decade and a half of intense productivity he also acquired the same sort of special status among historians of linguistics, whose volume of essays in his memory is being G. L. Bursill-Hall almost simultane published under the editorship of ously with this one. Sten Ebbesen, Jan's student, colleague, and successor as Director of the Institute of Medieval Greek and Latin Philology at the University of Copenhagen, has earned the gratitude of all of us by memorializing Jan 1 in various biographical sketches, one of which is accompanied by a 2 complete bibliography of his publications.




Categories, and What Is Beyond (Volume 2


Book Description

For medieval thinkers, the distinction between intentional and extra-mental reality does not precipitate a Kantian turn to the subject. Rather, they allow that metaphysics and natural philosophy study things as they are and leave to logic the investigation of things as conceived. Within this broad scheme, there is much room for debate regarding whether and to what extent Aristotle’s categories comprise an accurate picture of what types of things exist. Closely tied to consideration of what types of things exist are questions concerning how language reflects the relations that hold among these things. For instance, both substances and the accidents parasitic on their existence are said to be, but not in the same way. The essays in Categories, and What is Beyond draw on the philosophical traditions of late antiquity and the middle ages to study what types of things there are, the extent to which our knowledge of these entities is accurate, how (and whether) the semantics of analogy are competent to adjust for the difference and diversity found amongst analogates, and some ways in which these considerations bear on our ability to learn and speak of God.




Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy


Book Description

Volume seven of a ten volume set which provides full and detailed coverage of all aspects of philosophy, including information on how philosophy is practiced in different countries, who the most influential philosophers were, and what the basic concepts are.




Peter of Auvergne


Book Description

peter of Auvergne (+1304) is one of the most productive and most influential commentators of the Faculty of Arts at the University of Paris, At the end of the 13th century Peter actually moved to the upper theological faculty, where he argued a number of quodlibeta. This volume of conference proceedings represents the first examination of the work of Peter of Auvergne as a whole. In addition, biographical information has been interpreted in new ways. Many of the contributions present research on aspects of his commentaries on the logical, natural philosophical, metaphysical, ethical, and political works of Aristotle, as well as aspects of his theological works. A comparison with contemporaneous authors demonstrates that Peter presents a thoroughly distinctive line of thought and that previous classifications must be differentiated or even discarded. In addition, Peter develops an astounding history of reception with some of his works that continued into early modernity.




Topics in Latin Philosophy from the 12th–14th centuries


Book Description

Sten Ebbesen has contributed many works in the field of ancient and medieval philosophy over decades of dedicated research. His crisp and lucid style and his philosophical penetration of often difficult concepts and issues is both clear and intellectually impressive. Ashgate is proud to present this thematically arranged three volume set of his collected essays, each thoroughly revised and updated. Volume Two: Topics in Latin Philosophy from the 12th -14th Centuries explores issues in medieval philosophy from the time nominalists and other schools competed in twelfth-century Paris to the mature scholasticism of Boethius of Dacia, Radulphus Brito and other 'modist' thinkers of the late thirteenth century and, finally, the new nominalism of John Buridan in the fourteenth century.