Introduction to Basics of Pharmacology and Toxicology


Book Description

This book explains the pharmacological relationships between the various systems in the human body. It offers a comprehensive overview of the pharmacology concerning the autonomic, central, and peripheral nervous systems. Presenting up-to-date information on chemical mediators and their significance, it highlights the therapeutic aspects of several diseases affecting the cardiovascular, renal, respiratory, gastrointestinal, endocrinal, and hematopoietic systems. The book also includes drug therapy for microbial and neoplastic diseases. It also comprises sections on immunopharmacology, dermatological, and ocular pharmacology providing valuable insights into these emerging and recent topics. Covering the diverse groups of drugs acting on different systems, the book reviews their actions, clinical uses, adverse effects, interactions, and subcellular mechanisms of action. It is divided into 11 parts, subdivided into several chapters that evaluate the basic pharmacological principles that govern the different types of body systems. This book is intended for academicians, researchers, and clinicians in industry and academic institutions in pharmaceutical, pharmacological sciences, pharmacy, medical sciences, physiology, neurosciences, biochemistry, molecular biology and other allied health sciences.




Clinical Ocular Pharmacology


Book Description

Written by experts in the field, this comprehensive resource offers valuable information on the practical uses of drugs in primary eye care. Discussions of the pharmacology of ocular drugs such as anti-infective agents, anti-glaucoma drugs, and anti-allergy drugs lead to more in-depth information on ocular drugs used to treat a variety of disorders, including diseases of the eyelids, corneal diseases, ocular infections, and glaucoma. The book also covers ocular toxicology, focusing on drug interactions, ocular effects of systemic drugs, and life-threatening systemic emergencies.




Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Methods in Clinical Pharmacology


Book Description

Drug Discovery and Evaluation has become a more and more difficult, expensive and time-consuming process. The effect of a new compound has to be detected by in vitro and in vivo methods of pharmacology. The activity spectrum and the potency compared to existing drugs have to be determined. As these processes can be divided up stepwise we have designed a book series "Drug Discovery and Evaluation" in the form of a recommendation document. The methods to detect drug targets are described in the first volume of this series "Pharmacological Assays" comprising classical methods as well as new technologies. Before going to man, the most suitable compound has to be selected by pharmacokinetic studies and experiments in toxicology. These preclinical methods are described in the second volume „Safety and Pharmacokinetic Assays". Only then are first studies in human beings allowed. Special rules are established for Phase I studies. Clinical pharmacokinetics are performed in parallel with human studies on tolerability and therapeutic effects. Special studies according to various populations and different therapeutic indications are necessary. These items are covered in the third volume: „Methods in Clinical Pharmacology".




Pharmacology of Ocular Therapeutics


Book Description

This book comprises an integrated review of ocular therapeutics across all relevant fields. It addresses the real-world requirements of ophthalmologists, pharmacists and optometrists, as observed through working alongside these practitioners for two decades. Knowledge surrounding agents used in ophthalmic practice has, historically, been scattered. The book facilitates understanding of ocular drug therapy by compiling all key aspects of the pharmacology, toxicology, pharmaceutical science, ocular biochemistry and cell biology of these agents. Chapters detail drug transfer across barriers, systemic toxicity of topically applied drugs, autonomic drugs used for diagnostics, as well as anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, glaucoma and antimicrobial therapies, and avenues for the development of new ocular drugs. Applications of extemporaneously prepared formulations are described to inform day-to-day clinical practice. The use of mucoadhesive polymers in tear substitutes, ocular drug delivery systems, stem cell therapy, pharmacogenomics and antiangiogenic ocular chemotherapy are also explored. The book also provides insights from drugs of herbal origin, and a historical perspective on drugs for ocular use. Practicing and resident ophthalmologists, optometrists, pharmacists, nursing professionals, scholars in ocular drug research and students will equally benefit from this comprehensive guide.




Pharmacologic Therapy of Ocular Disease


Book Description

There have been major advancements in the pharmacologic treatment of eye diseases over the past decade. With newly discovered disease targets and novel approaches to deliver therapeutic compounds to the eye, patients are seeing improved outcomes. Not only are there better treatments for diseases where treatments existed, we now have effective therapy for previously untreatable and blinding eye disorders. This volume will cover the pharmacologic treatment of eye diseases from the front of the eye including eyelids, conjunctiva and cornea all the way back to the retina and optic nerve. The first section of the volume reviews general principles of ocular pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmaceutical sciences, and drug delivery. In addition, the volume provides an up to date guide to the pharmacologic approach to the key eye diseases that threaten sight or ocular function.




Retinal Pharmacotherapeutics


Book Description

The use of pharmacotherapeutics in the management of retinal diseases is rapidly evolving, and a favorable therapy for the patient. Today anti-VEGF agents are used for a range of indications from inflammation-related choroidal neovascularization to macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion or diabetic retinopathy. Beyond VEGF, there is an array of target areas under investigation – not only for vascular pathologies such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic eye disease, but also for degenerative, infectious and inflammatory retinal conditions. This publication discusses many aspects from basic research on the retina, to animal models for retinal drug delivery, retinal diseases that are amenable to pharmacotherapy and also drugs and mechanisms in retinal diseases. Anyone concerned with the management of retinal diseases - the general ophthalmologist and the retina specialist alike – will find this book indispensable reading.




Manual of Ocular Diagnosis and Therapy


Book Description

Thoroughly updated for its Sixth Edition, this manual is a highly practical guide to the diagnosis and management of eye disorders and injuries. Experts from Harvard Medical School and the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary present authoritative, state-of-the-art recommendations in a rapid-access outline format. Appendices include up-to-date ophthalmic drug and systemic antimicrobial formularies with dosages. All chapters have been updated to include the latest information on new disease entities, diagnostic techniques, drugs, and treatments, including LASIK and LASEK surgery, cataract extractions, intraocular lenses, use of botulinum for blepharospasm, and medical treatment of glaucoma. Thirty new full-color images have been added.




Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems


Book Description

The second edition of this text assembles significant ophthalmic advances and encompasses breakthroughs in gene therapy, ocular microdialysis, vitreous drug disposition modelling, and receptor/transporter targeted drug delivery.




Biopharmaceutics of Ocular Drug Delivery


Book Description

A significant new book on drug delivery to the eye Biopharmaceutics of Ocular Drug Delivery examines the current physiological, anatomical, pharmaceutical/technological, and biopharmaceutical knowledge on ocular drug delivery. Leading ophthalmic researchers cover topics such as the formulation and usage of ophthalmic solutions and suspensions, the influence of surfactants and preservatives on ocular drug absorption, and new techniques that include bioadhesion and the use of hyaluronic acid as an ophthalmic vehicle. Promising research on new delivery systems for improved drug therapy is highlighted, including new pharmaceutical vehicles, inserts, liposomes, nanoparticles, and prodrugs. Biopharmaceutics of Ocular Drug Delivery is one of the few books available on drug delivery to the eye and will be an important reference for ophthalmologists, pharmacologists, pharmaceutical researchers, and other scientists interested in the topic.




Essentials of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapy


Book Description

This book provides basic knowledge about pharmacology and therapeutics of important drugs related to ophthalmic practice. The book will be of great help to ophthalmologists, who are doing wonders for the patients with their surgical skills, but often face difficulty in finding a proper drug necessary to combat the inflammatory or infective processes.