French Studies in the Philosophy of Science


Book Description

Having examined previous volumes of the Boston Studies series devoted to different countries, and having discussed the best way to present contemporary research in France, we have arrived at a careful selection of 15 participants, including the organizers. Our aim is to bring together philosophers and practicing scientist from the major institutions of the country, both universities and research centers. The areas of research represented here cover a wide spectrum of sciences, from mathematics and physics to the life sciences, as well as linguistics and economics. This selection is a showcase of French philosophy of science, illustrating the different methods employed: logico-linguistic analysis, rational reconstruction and historical inquiry. These participants have the ability to relate their research both to the French tradition and current discussions on the international scene. Also included is a substantial historical introduction, explaining the development of philosophy of science in France, the various schools of thought and methods as well as the major concepts and their significance.








Book Description




Michel Serres and French Philosophy of Science


Book Description

Massimiliano Simons provides the first systematic study of Serres's work in the context of 20th-century French philosophy of science. By proposing new readings of Serres's philosophy, Simons creates a synthesis between his predecessors, Gaston Bachelard, Georges Canguilhem and Louis Althusser as well as contemporary Francophone philosophers of science such as Bruno Latour and Isabelle Stengers. Simons situates Serres's unique contribution through his notion of the quasi-object, a concept, he argues, organizes great parts of Serres's work into a promising philosophy of science as well as a challenge to the narrower field of French epistemology, to which it has often been limited. Simons highlights how the concept encompasses Serres's commitment to positive relations between science and culture and his rejection of pleas to purify the scientific self from imaginative and cultural elements. It helps to situate Serres between the distinct traditions of Bachelard and Latour as well as progressing the innovative aspects of Serres's philosophy for current debates in the philosophy, history and sociology of science. Showing how Serres's philosophy can serve as a normative approach to science and technology, Michel Serres and French Philosophy of Science takes in themes of materiality, religiosity, modernity and ecology to advance a timely alternative to philosophy of science for contemporary life.




The Life Sciences in Early Modern Philosophy


Book Description

The present volume advances a recent historiographical turn towards the intersection of early modern philosophy and the life sciences by bringing together many of its leading scholars to present the contributions of important but often neglected figures, such as Ralph Cudworth, Nehemiah Grew, Francis Glisson, Hieronymus Fabricius ab Aquapendente, Georg Ernst Stahl, Juan Gallego de la Serna, Nicholas Hartsoeker, Henry More, as well as more familiar figures such as Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Malebranche, and Kant. The contributions to this volume are organized in accordance with the particular problems that living beings and living nature posed for early modern philosophy: the problem of life in general, whether it constitutes something ontologically distinct at all, or whether it can ultimately be exhaustively comprehended "in the same manner as the rest"; the problem of the structure of living beings, by which we understand not just bare anatomy but also physiological processes such as irritability, motion, digestion, and so on; the problem of generation, which might be included alongside digestion and other vital processes, were it not for the fact that it presented such an exceptional riddle to philosophers since antiquity, namely, the riddle of coming-into-being out of -- apparent or real -- non-being; and, finally, the problem of natural order.













Philosophie Et Sciences À Byzance de 1204 À 1453


Book Description

Ce volume comprend les Actes de la Table Ronde realisee au sein du XXe Congres International d'Etudes Byzantines (Paris, aout 2001), sur la philosophie et les sciences a Byzance durant l'empire de Nicee (1204-1261) et le regne des Paleologues (1261-1453). La periode envisagee (1204-1453) recouvre les deux dernieres etapes de la vie de Byzance, jalonnees par les deux prises de Constantinople : la premiere, en 1204, est effectuee lors de la quatrieme croisade, alors que la seconde, en 1453, est l'oeuvre des Turcs ottomans. Entre ces dates se situe l'occupation latine de l'empire byzantin, qui prendra fin pour Constantinople en 1261 et qui sera suivie par la restauration progressive, mais partielle, de l'empire, effectuee sous les Paleologues. En donnant un apercu sur la philosophie et les sciences pendant cette periode particulierement mouvementee, les editeurs du present volume ont adopte une conjonction thematique qui tient, avant tout, compte de la maniere dont l'enseignement etait assure a Byzance : au sein de celui-ci, l'apprentissage des disciplines mathematiques (le Quadrivium occidental) se voyait couronne par celui de la philosophie ; leur etude etait parfois completee avec celle de la medecine, humaine et veterinaire, et de la pharmaceutique. Ces differentes branches du savoir byzantin, qui vont de la philosophie a la pharmaceutique, sont representees dans ce volume grace au concours des specialistes reconnus pour les disciplines examinees. Quant a l'axe principal autour duquel s'organisent les contributions composant ce volume, il s'agit de celui de la transmission a Byzance, pendant la periode envisagee, des textes, et, aussi, des idees et des concepts, ces derniers circulant comme les textes et par les textes. Les sujets de transmission, textuelle ou doctrinale, passes en revue portent sur la production byzantine d'epoque paleologue, mais, egalement, sur des textes plus anciens, qui ont ete remis en circulation surtout a partir de 1261 ; certains aspects concernant les traductions de l'oeuvre aristotelicienne en latin, effectuees a partir de 1204, ont egalement ete passes en revue.