Photosynthetic Protein-Based Photovoltaics


Book Description

Ever since the discovery of the photoelectric effect, researchers have been trying to improve the efficiency of converting sunlight into electricity through photovoltaic devices. Photosynthetic organisms provide clues for harvesting sunlight and storing the energy in chemical forms. This book offers a concise overview of the fundamental concepts of photosynthesis and the emerging photovoltaic technologies, casting light on the symbiotic relation between these spheres of science. Although there are many books about the fundamentals of photosynthesis and the various aspects of the photosynthetic processes, this is the first volume to focus on the prospects of studying the photosynthetic proteins, understanding and applying their properties to design prospective solar energy conversion devices that are sustainable and efficient. All in all, the book aims to bring together the present know-how on organic photovoltaics and dye-sensitized solar cells with that of the emerging bio-photovoltaics and the underlying physics of photosynthesis to foster a more eclectic research that would converge towards a sustainable energy technology for the future. The book mainly serves as a bridge to connect biochemists, who study photosynthetic proteins, and physicists and engineers who design and develop photovoltaic devices. Scientists, engineers and students in the fields of photosynthetic research and solar energy research can use this book as a ready reference. Key selling features: Covers both methods and bio-based materials needed to build bio-based photovoltaics Focuses on both techniques and applications Summarizes the advantages and limitations of various techniques Contributors from multiple disciplines integrate the knowledge of photosynthetic proteins and the physics/engineering of photovoltaic devices. Includes adaptive designs and techniques used in other types of solar cells to for the design of protein-based PVs







Solar Energy Harvesting with Photosynthetic Pigment-Protein Complexes


Book Description

This book chronicles a few approaches to constructing biohybrid devices using photosynthetic protein complexes. Can the abundantly available solar energy be tapped to meet our rising energy demands using green and cheap active materials? Exploring nature’s own tiny solar factories, the photosynthetic proteins could hold the key. Photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes found in plants and certain types of bacteria transduce sunlight into biologically useful forms of energy through a photochemical charge separation that has a 100% quantum efficiency. Getting the photoproteins to perform this efficient energy conversion reaction in a semi-artificial setup is central to developing biohybrid solar technologies, a promising green alternative to today’s photovoltaics. This book looks into the existing challenges and opportunities in the field of biohybrid photovoltaics and provides a few prospective methods of enhancing the photocurrent and photovoltage in these devices. The book targets the readership of students, academics, and industrial practitioners who are interested in alternative solar technologies.




Photovoltaic Devices Using Photosynthetic Protein Complexes


Book Description

Photosynthetic proteins have been used as an active material in design of organic solar cells. Traditional organic solar cells have the limitation of not being able to absorb light in the visible-NIR region of the solar spectrum. This region corresponds to over 70% power of the total solar radiation. Using molecular proteins obtained from nature these limitations can be overcome. Biological photosynthetic complexes contain reaction centers with a quantum yield of>95% and a bandgap of less than l.leV allowing absorption in the 600-11 00nm visible-NIR range. Two types of photosynthetic complexes are employed to demonstrate the generality of the solid state integration technique to make solar cells. The simplest photosynthetic complex used is a bacterial reaction center (RC), isolated from the purple bacterium R. sphaeroides. The other protein being used is Photosystem I (PSI), a much larger complex, which is isolated from spinach chloroplasts. Electronic integration of devices is achieved by depositing organic semiconducting protective layer over a self-assembled monolayer of photosynthetic reaction centers oriented via an engineered metal-affinity polyhistidine tag. Various analytical and spectroscopic techniques have been used to examine solution spectrum and solid state device characteristics. Reasonable efficiencies have been obtained which demonstrates applicability of such techniques. The efficiency obtained is higher than a wet cell made using same proteins. The next immediate goal is to optimize processing conditions and therefore improve efficiency to reach levels comparable traditional organic solar cells.




Photosynthetic Protein-Based Photovoltaics


Book Description

Ever since the discovery of the photoelectric effect, researchers have been trying to improve the efficiency of converting sunlight into electricity through photovoltaic devices. Photosynthetic organisms provide clues for harvesting sunlight and storing the energy in chemical forms. This book offers a concise overview of the fundamental concepts of photosynthesis and the emerging photovoltaic technologies, casting light on the symbiotic relation between these spheres of science. Although there are many books about the fundamentals of photosynthesis and the various aspects of the photosynthetic processes, this is the first volume to focus on the prospects of studying the photosynthetic proteins, understanding and applying their properties to design prospective solar energy conversion devices that are sustainable and efficient. All in all, the book aims to bring together the present know-how on organic photovoltaics and dye-sensitized solar cells with that of the emerging bio-photovoltaics and the underlying physics of photosynthesis to foster a more eclectic research that would converge towards a sustainable energy technology for the future. The book mainly serves as a bridge to connect biochemists, who study photosynthetic proteins, and physicists and engineers who design and develop photovoltaic devices. Scientists, engineers and students in the fields of photosynthetic research and solar energy research can use this book as a ready reference. Key selling features: Covers both methods and bio-based materials needed to build bio-based photovoltaics Focuses on both techniques and applications Summarizes the advantages and limitations of various techniques Contributors from multiple disciplines integrate the knowledge of photosynthetic proteins and the physics/engineering of photovoltaic devices. Includes adaptive designs and techniques used in other types of solar cells to for the design of protein-based PVs




Fundamentals of Solar Cell Design


Book Description

Solar cells are semiconductor devices that convert light photons into electricity in photovoltaic energy conversion and can help to overcome the global energy crisis. Solar cells have many applications including remote area power systems, earth-orbiting satellites, wristwatches, water pumping, photodetectors and remote radiotelephones. Solar cell technology is economically feasible for commercial-scale power generation. While commercial solar cells exhibit good performance and stability, still researchers are looking at many ways to improve the performance and cost of solar cells via modulating the fundamental properties of semiconductors. Solar cell technology is the key to a clean energy future. Solar cells directly harvest energy from the sun’s light radiation into electricity are in an ever-growing demand for future global energy production. Solar cell-based energy harvesting has attracted worldwide attention for their notable features, such as cheap renewable technology, scalable, lightweight, flexibility, versatility, no greenhouse gas emission, environment, and economy friendly and operational costs are quite low compared to other forms of power generation. Thus, solar cell technology is at the forefront of renewable energy technologies which are used in telecommunications, power plants, small devices to satellites. Aiming at large-scale implementation can be manipulated by various types used in solar cell design and exploration of new materials towards improving performance and reducing cost. Therefore, in-depth knowledge about solar cell design is fundamental for those who wish to apply this knowledge and understanding in industries and academics. This book provides a comprehensive overview on solar cells and explores the history to evolution and present scenarios of solar cell design, classification, properties, various semiconductor materials, thin films, wafer-scale, transparent solar cells, and so on. It also includes solar cells’ characterization analytical tools, theoretical modeling, practices to enhance conversion efficiencies, applications and patents.




Spectroscopic Studies of Photosynthetic Systems and Their Application in Photovoltaic Devices - Equipment Only


Book Description

Spectral hole-burning (SHB) and single photosynthetic complex spectroscopy (SPCS) will be used to study the excitonic structure and excitation energy transfer (EET) processes of several photosynthetic protein complexes at low temperatures. The combination of SHB on bulk samples and SPCS is a powerful frequency domain approach for obtaining data that will address a number of issues that are key to understanding excitonic structure and energy transfer dynamics. The long-term goal is to reach a better understanding of the ultrafast solar energy driven primary events of photosynthesis as they occur in higher plants, cyanobacteria, purple bacteria, and green algae. A better understanding of the EET and charge separation (CS) processes taking place in photosynthetic complexes is of great interest, since photosynthetic complexes might offer attractive architectures for a future generation of circuitry in which proteins are crystallized.




Spectroscopic Studies of Photosynthetic Systems and Their Application in Photovoltaic Devices - Equipment Only


Book Description

Spectral hole-burning (SHB) and single photosynthetic complex spectroscopy (SPCS) will be used to study the excitonic structure and excitation energy transfer (EET) processes of several photosynthetic protein complexes at low temperatures. The combination of SHB on bulk samples and SPCS is a powerful frequency domain approach for obtaining data that will address a number of issues that are key to understanding excitonic structure and energy transfer dynamics. The long-term goal is to reach a better understanding of the ultrafast solar energy driven primary events of photosynthesis as they occur in higher plants, cyanobacteria, purple bacteria, and green algae. A better understanding of the EET and charge separation (CS) processes taking place in photosynthetic complexes is of great interest, since photosynthetic complexes might offer attractive architectures for a future generation of circuitry in which proteins are crystallized.




Advances in Nano-Fertilizers and Nano-Pesticides in Agriculture


Book Description

Advances in Nano-fertilizers and Nano-pesticides in Agriculture: A Smart Delivery System for Crop Improvement explores the use of nanotechnology for the controlled delivery of pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers that improve the safety of products while also increasing the efficiency of food production and decreased environmental pollution. The development of nanodevices such as smart delivery systems to target specific sites, as well as nanocarriers for chemical controlled release are currently important aspects in novel agriculture and require a strong foundation of understanding, not only the technology, but also the resulting impacts. Fills key knowledge- gaps of bio-nanotechnology, how they interact with plant cells and their biological consequences Focuses on agro-nanotechnology which can be utilized for developing healthy seeds Explores the possibilities of macronutrient nano-based fertilizers