Physical and Biological Processing of Images


Book Description

This book consists of papers presented at an international symposium spon sored and organised by The Rank Prize Funds and held at The Royal Society, London, on 27-29 September, 1982. Since the inception of the Funds, the Trustees and their Scientific Advi sory Committee on Opto-e1ectronics have considered that the scope of opto electronics should extend to cover the question of how the eye transduces and processes optical information. The Funds have aimed to organise symposia on topics which, because of their interdisciplinary nature, were not well cov ered by other regular international scientific meetings. It was therefore very appropriate that the 1982 symposium should be on Physical and Biologi cal Processing of Images. The purpose of the symposium was to bring together scientists working on the physiology and psychology of visual perception with those developing ma chine systems for image processing and understanding. The papers were planned in such a way as to emphasise questions of how image-analysing systems can be organised, as well as the principles underlying them, rather than the detailed biophysics and structure of sensory systems or the specific design of hardware devices. As far as possible, related topics in biological and artificial sys tems were considered side by side.










Handbook of Medical Image Processing and Analysis


Book Description

The Handbook of Medical Image Processing and Analysis is a comprehensive compilation of concepts and techniques used for processing and analyzing medical images after they have been generated or digitized. The Handbook is organized into six sections that relate to the main functions: enhancement, segmentation, quantification, registration, visualization, and compression, storage and communication.The second edition is extensively revised and updated throughout, reflecting new technology and research, and includes new chapters on: higher order statistics for tissue segmentation; tumor growth modeling in oncological image analysis; analysis of cell nuclear features in fluorescence microscopy images; imaging and communication in medical and public health informatics; and dynamic mammogram retrieval from web-based image libraries.For those looking to explore advanced concepts and access essential information, this second edition of Handbook of Medical Image Processing and Analysis is an invaluable resource. It remains the most complete single volume reference for biomedical engineers, researchers, professionals and those working in medical imaging and medical image processing.Dr. Isaac N. Bankman is the supervisor of a group that specializes on imaging, laser and sensor systems, modeling, algorithms and testing at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. He received his BSc degree in Electrical Engineering from Bogazici University, Turkey, in 1977, the MSc degree in Electronics from University of Wales, Britain, in 1979, and a PhD in Biomedical Engineering from the Israel Institute of Technology, Israel, in 1985. He is a member of SPIE. - Includes contributions from internationally renowned authors from leading institutions - NEW! 35 of 56 chapters have been revised and updated. Additionally, five new chapters have been added on important topics incluling Nonlinear 3D Boundary Detection, Adaptive Algorithms for Cancer Cytological Diagnosis, Dynamic Mammogram Retrieval from Web-Based Image Libraries, Imaging and Communication in Health Informatics and Tumor Growth Modeling in Oncological Image Analysis. - Provides a complete collection of algorithms in computer processing of medical images - Contains over 60 pages of stunning, four-color images




Medical Images: Formation, Handling and Evaluation


Book Description

Medical imaging is a very important area in diagnostic (and increasingly therapeutic) medicine. Many new techniques are being developed or extended which depend on digital methods. Although conventional x-radiographs still comprise the bulk of the medical images acquired in a hospital, digital methods such as computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are now often claimed to have a more significant clinical impact. This book is concerned with three aspects of such digital images: their formation, or how they can be acquired; their handling, or how they may be manipulated to increase their clinical value; and their evaluation, or how their impact and value may be assessed. The book is divided into three parts. Part 1 comprises a series of reviews in the general subject area written by authorities in the field. Part 2 includes papers on theoretical aspects: 3D images, reconstruction, perception, and image processing. Part 3includes papers on applications in nuclear medicine, magnetic resonance, andradiology.




Theory of Reconstruction from Image Motion


Book Description

The image taken by a moving camera changes with time. These image motions contain information about the motion of the camera and about the shapes of the objects in the field of view. There are two main types of image motion, finite displacements and image velocities. Finite displacements are described by the point correspondences between two images of the same scene taken from different positions. Image velocities are the velocities of the points in the image as they move over the projection surface. Reconstruction is the task of obtaining from the image-motions information about the camera motion or about the shapes of objects in the field of view. In this book the theory underlying reconstruction is described. Reconstruction from image motion is the subject matter of two different sci entific disciplines, photogrammetry and computer vision. In photogrammetry the accuracy of reconstruction is emphasised; in computer vision the emphasis is on methods for obtaining information from images in real time in order to guide a mechanical device such as a robot arm or an automatic vehicle. This book arises from recent work carried out in computer vision. Computer vision is a young field but it is developing rapidly. The earliest papers on reconstruction in the computer vision literature date back only to the mid 1970s. As computer vision develops, the mathematical techniques applied to the analysis of recon struction become more appropriate and more powerful.




Higher-Order Processing in the Visual System


Book Description

Foremost neurophysiologists and psychophysicists provide pertinent information on the nature of representation at the earliest stages as this will constrain the disposition of all subsequent processing. This processing is discussed in several different types of visual perception.




Motion and Structure from Image Sequences


Book Description

Motion and Structure from Image Sequences is invaluable reading for researchers, graduate students, and practicing engineers dealing with computer vision. It presents a balanced treatment of the theoretical and practical issues, including very recent results - some of which are published here for the first time. The topics covered in detail are: - image matching and optical flow computation - structure from stereo - structure from motion - motion estimation - integration of multiple views - motion modeling and prediction Aspects such as uniqueness of the solution, degeneracy conditions, error analysis, stability, optimality, and robustness are also investigated. These details together with the fact that the algorithms are accessible without necessarily studying the rest of the material, make this book particularly attractive to practitioners.




Physics of Bioenergetic Processes


Book Description

According to its definition, synergetics is concerned with the cooperation of indi vidual parts of a system that produces macroscopic temporal, spatial or functional structures. A good deal of the volumes published within this series dealt with the formation of truly macroscopic structures which we can s. ee with our eyes. A common scheme could be developed to understand the formation of many patterns through self-organization. In particular, we have to use concepts which go beyond conventio nal thermodynamics. New ideas became crucial. We have to study kinetic processes, and often few highly excited degrees of freedom play the decisive role in the evo lution of structures. Over the past years it has turned out that quite similar lines of approach apply to a world which at first sight would be classified as "microsco pic". That world consists of processes in which biomolecules are involved. An impor tant example for the problems occurring there is provided by Manfred Eigen's theory of evolution of life at the molecular level (cf. his contribution to Volume 17 of this series). Another important example has been provided by Blumenfeld's book on problems of biological physics (Vol. 7 of this series). There it was proposed to treat biological molecules as machines which, in a certain sense, work through "macros copic" degrees of freedom.




Digital Video Image Quality and Perceptual Coding


Book Description

The hand is quicker than the eye. In many cases, so is digital video. Maintaining image quality in bandwidth- and memory-restricted environments is quickly becoming a reality as thriving research delves ever deeper into perceptual coding techniques, which discard superfluous data that humans cannot process or detect. Surveying the topic from a Human Visual System (HVS)-based approach, Digital Video Image Quality and Perceptual Coding outlines the principles, metrics, and standards associated with perceptual coding, as well as the latest techniques and applications. This book is divided broadly into three parts. First, it introduces the fundamental theory, concepts, principles, and techniques underlying the field, such as the basics of compression, HVS modeling, and coding artifacts associated with current well-known techniques. The next section focuses on picture quality assessment criteria; subjective and objective methods and metrics, including vision model based digital video impairment metrics; testing procedures; and international standards regarding image quality. Finally, practical applications come into focus, including digital image and video coder designs based on the HVS as well as post-filtering, restoration, error correction, and concealment techniques. The permeation of digital images and video throughout the world cannot be understated. Nor can the importance of preserving quality while using minimal storage space, and Digital Video Image Quality and Perceptual Coding provides the tools necessary to accomplish this goal. Instructors and lecturers wishing to make use of this work as a textbook can download a presentation of 786 slides in PDF format organized to augment the text. accompany our book (H.R. Wu and K.R. Rao, Digital Video Image Quality and Perceptual Coding, CRC Press (ISBN: 0-8247-2777-0), Nov. 2005) for lecturers or instructor to use for their classes if they use the book.