Spills of Diluted Bitumen from Pipelines


Book Description

Diluted bitumen has been transported by pipeline in the United States for more than 40 years, with the amount increasing recently as a result of improved extraction technologies and resulting increases in production and exportation of Canadian diluted bitumen. The increased importation of Canadian diluted bitumen to the United States has strained the existing pipeline capacity and contributed to the expansion of pipeline mileage over the past 5 years. Although rising North American crude oil production has resulted in greater transport of crude oil by rail or tanker, oil pipelines continue to deliver the vast majority of crude oil supplies to U.S. refineries. Spills of Diluted Bitumen from Pipelines examines the current state of knowledge and identifies the relevant properties and characteristics of the transport, fate, and effects of diluted bitumen and commonly transported crude oils when spilled in the environment. This report assesses whether the differences between properties of diluted bitumen and those of other commonly transported crude oils warrant modifications to the regulations governing spill response plans and cleanup. Given the nature of pipeline operations, response planning, and the oil industry, the recommendations outlined in this study are broadly applicable to other modes of transportation as well.







CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics


Book Description

This student edition features over 50 new or completely revised tables, most of which are in the areas of fluid properties and properties of solids. The book also features extensive references to other compilations and databases that contain additional information.




CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition


Book Description

Get a FREE first edition facsimile with each copy of the 85th! Researchers around the world depend upon having access to authoritative, up-to-date data. And for more than 90 years, they have relied on the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics for that data. This year is no exception. New tables, extensive updates, and added sections mean the Handbook has again set a new standard for reliability, utility, and thoroughness. This edition features a Foreword by world renowned neurologist and author Oliver Sacks, a free facsimile of the 1913 first edition of the Handbook, and thumb tabs that make it easier to locate particular data. New tables in this edition include: Index of Refraction of Inorganic Crystals Upper and Lower Azeotropic Data for Binary Mixtures Critical Solution Temperatures of Polymer Solutions Density of Solvents as a Function of Temperature By popular request, several tables omitted from recent editions are back, including Coefficients of Frictionand Miscibility of Organic Solvents. Ten other sections have been substantially revised, with some, such as the Table of the Isotopes and Thermal Conductivity of Liquids, significantly expanded. The Fundamental Physical Constants section has been updated with the latest CODATA/NIST values, and the Mathematical Tables appendix now features several new sections covering topics that include orthogonal polynomials Clebsch-Gordan coefficients, and statistics.




Chemistry of Petrochemical Processes


Book Description

In Chemistry of Petrochemical Processes, readers find a handy and valuable source of information containing insights into petrochemical reactions and products, process technology, and polymer synthesis. The book reviews and describes the reactions and processes involved in transforming petroleum-based hydrocarbons into the chemicals that form the basis of the multi-billion dollar petrochemical industry. In addition, the book includes information on new process developments for the production of raw materials and intermediates for petrochemicals that have surfaced since the book's first edition. - Provides a quick understanding of the chemical reactions associated with oil and gas processing - Contains insights into petrochemical reactions and products, process technology, and polymer synthesis




Petroleum Refining


Book Description

For four decades, Petroleum Refining has guided thousands of readers toward a reliable understanding of the field, and through the years has become the standard text in many schools and universities around the world offering petroleum refining classes, for self-study, training, and as a reference for industry professionals. The sixth edition of this perennial bestseller continues in the tradition set by Jim Gary as the most modern and authoritative guide in the field. Updated and expanded to reflect new technologies, methods, and topics, the book includes new discussion on the business and economics of refining, cost estimation and complexity, crude origins and properties, fuel specifications, and updates on technology, process units, and catalysts. The first half of the book is written for a general audience to introduce the primary economic and market characteristics of the industry and to describe the inputs and outputs of refining. Most of this material is new to this edition and can be read independently or in parallel with the rest of the text. In the second half of the book, a technical review of the main process units of a refinery is provided, beginning with distillation and covering each of the primary conversion and treatment processes. Much of this material was reorganized, updated, and rewritten with greater emphasis on reaction chemistry and the role of catalysis in applications. Petroleum Refining: Technology, Economics, and Markets is a book written for users, the practitioners of refining, and all those who want to learn more about the field.




Basic Laboratory and Industrial Chemicals


Book Description

Basic Laboratory and Industrial Chemicals presents data on 1,000 high-profile chemical substances commonly used in the laboratory and workplace. A wide range of properties is provided for each compound, including the basic physical properties, such as melting point, boiling point, and critical temperature; density; transition properties, such as vapor pressure and heats of vaporization and fusion; and thermodynamic properties, viscosity, and thermal conductivity at 25 degrees centigrade.




Oil in the Sea III


Book Description

Since the early 1970s, experts have recognized that petroleum pollutants were being discharged in marine waters worldwide, from oil spills, vessel operations, and land-based sources. Public attention to oil spills has forced improvements. Still, a considerable amount of oil is discharged yearly into sensitive coastal environments. Oil in the Sea provides the best available estimate of oil pollutant discharge into marine waters, including an evaluation of the methods for assessing petroleum load and a discussion about the concerns these loads represent. Featuring close-up looks at the Exxon Valdez spill and other notable events, the book identifies important research questions and makes recommendations for better analysis ofâ€"and more effective measures againstâ€"pollutant discharge. The book discusses: Inputâ€"where the discharges come from, including the role of two-stroke engines used on recreational craft. Behavior or fateâ€"how oil is affected by processes such as evaporation as it moves through the marine environment. Effectsâ€"what we know about the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine organisms and ecosystems. Providing a needed update on a problem of international importance, this book will be of interest to energy policy makers, industry officials and managers, engineers and researchers, and advocates for the marine environment.




Handbook of Organic Solvents


Book Description

This invaluable handbook presents important information on over 500 organic compounds that are used as solvents. Health hazards and safety guidelines are discussed, including the limiting values for airborne exposure, carcinogenicity status, and various official hazard ratings. This handy reference contains many useful data fields, such as: