Comprehensive Structural Integrity


Book Description

The aim of this major reference work is to provide a first point of entry to the literature for the researchers in any field relating to structural integrity in the form of a definitive research/reference tool which links the various sub-disciplines that comprise the whole of structural integrity. Special emphasis will be given to the interaction between mechanics and materials and structural integrity applications. Because of the interdisciplinary and applied nature of the work, it will be of interest to mechanical engineers and materials scientists from both academic and industrial backgrounds including bioengineering, interface engineering and nanotechnology. The scope of this work encompasses, but is not restricted to: fracture mechanics, fatigue, creep, materials, dynamics, environmental degradation, numerical methods, failure mechanisms and damage mechanics, interfacial fracture and nano-technology, structural analysis, surface behaviour and heart valves. The structures under consideration include: pressure vessels and piping, off-shore structures, gas installations and pipelines, chemical plants, aircraft, railways, bridges, plates and shells, electronic circuits, interfaces, nanotechnology, artificial organs, biomaterial prostheses, cast structures, mining... and more. Case studies will form an integral part of the work.




Metal Fatigue in Engineering


Book Description

Applied Optimal Design Mechanical and Structural Systems Edward J. Haug & Jasbir S. Arora This computer-aided design text presents and illustrates techniques for optimizing the design of a wide variety of mechanical and structural systems through the use of nonlinear programming and optimal control theory. A state space method is adopted that incorporates the system model as an integral part of the design formulations. Step-by-step numerical algorithms are given for each method of optimal design. Basic properties of the equations of mechanics are used to carry out design sensitivity analysis and optimization, with numerical efficiency and generality that is in most cases an order of magnitude faster in digital computation than applications using standard nonlinear programming methods. 1979 Optimum Design of Mechanical Elements, 2nd Ed. Ray C. Johnson The two basic optimization techniques, the method of optimal design (MOD) and automated optimal design (AOD), discussed in this valuable work can be applied to the optimal design of mechanical elements commonly found in machinery, mechanisms, mechanical assemblages, products, and structures. The many illustrative examples used to explicate these techniques include such topics as tensile bars, torsion bars, shafts in combined loading, helical and spur gears, helical springs, and hydrostatic journal bearings. The author covers curve fitting, equation simplification, material properties, and failure theories, as well as the effects of manufacturing errors on product performance and the need for a factor of safety in design work. 1980 Globally Optimal Design Douglass J. Wilde Here are new analytic optimization procedures effective where numerical methods either take too long or do not provide correct answers. This book uses mathematics sparingly, proving only results generated by examples. It defines simple design methods guaranteed to give the global, rather than any local, optimum through computations easy enough to be done on a manual calculator. The author confronts realistic situations: determining critical constraints; dealing with negative contributions; handling power function; tackling logarithmic and exponential nonlinearities; coping with standard sizes and indivisible components; and resolving conflicting objectives and logical restrictions. Special mathematical structures are exposed and used to solve design problems. 1978




Mechanical Behaviour of Materials at High Temperature


Book Description

This volume contains the edited version of lectures and selected research contributions presented at the NATO ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTE on MECHANICAL BEHA VI OUR OF MATERIALS AT HIGH TEMPERATURE, held in Sesimbra, Portugal, 12th-22nd September 1995, and organized by 1ST-Lisbon Institute of Technology, PortugaL The Institute was attended by 88 participants, including 15 lecturers from 17 countries including five CP countries. The lecturers were leading scientists and technologists from universities, research institutions and industry. The students were mainly young PhD students and junior academic or research staff with postgraduate qualifications (MSc or PhD). Fourteen students were from the five CP countries. The students presented research papers or posters during the Institute reporting the current progress of their research projects. A total of thirty three lectures, ten research papers and fifty posters were presented. This book does not contain the poster presentations and seven research papers were selected for publication. All the sessions were very active and quite extensive discussions on scientific aspects took place during the Institute. The Advanced Study Institute provided a forum for interaction among scientists and engineers from different areas of research, and young researchers.




Fatigue of Materials and Structures


Book Description

The design of mechanical structures with improved and predictable durability cannot be achieved without a thorough understanding of the mechanisms of fatigue damage and more specifically the relationships between the microstructure of materials and their fatigue properties. Written by leading experts in the field, this book (which is complementary to Fatigue of Materials and Structures: Application to Damage and Design, also edited by Claude Bathias and André Pineau), provides an authoritative, comprehensive and unified treatment of the mechanics and micromechanisms of fatigue in metals, polymers and composites. Each chapter is devoted to one of the major classes of materials or to different types of fatigue damage, thereby providing overall coverage of the field. The book deals with crack initiation, crack growth, low-cycle fatigue, gigacycle fatigue, shorts cracks, fatigue micromechanisms and the local approach to fatigue damage, corrosion fatigue, environmental effects and variable amplitude loadings, and will be an important and much used reference for students, practicing engineers and researchers studying fracture and fatigue in numerous areas of mechanical, structural, civil, design, nuclear, and aerospace engineering as well as materials science.




Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Methods


Book Description

Written by the leading experts in computational materials science, this handy reference concisely reviews the most important aspects of plasticity modeling: constitutive laws, phase transformations, texture methods, continuum approaches and damage mechanisms. As a result, it provides the knowledge needed to avoid failures in critical systems udner mechanical load. With its various application examples to micro- and macrostructure mechanics, this is an invaluable resource for mechanical engineers as well as for researchers wanting to improve on this method and extend its outreach.




Handbook of Fatigue Crack Propagation in Metallic Structures


Book Description

The purpose of this Handbook is to provide a review of the knowledge and experiences in the field of fatigue fracture mechanics. It is well-known that engineering structures can fail due to cyclic loading. For instance, a cyclically time-varying loading reduces the structure strength and can provoke a fatigue failure consisting of three stages: (a) crack initiation (b) crack propagation and (c) catastrophic failure. Since last century many scientists have tried to understand the reasons for the above-mentioned failures and how to prevent them. This Handbook contains valuable contributions from leading experts within the international scientific community and covers many of the important problems associated with the fatigue phenomena in civil, mechanical and nuclear engineering.




Virtual Testing and Predictive Modeling


Book Description

Thematerialsusedinmanufacturingtheaerospace,aircraft,automobile,andnuclear parts have inherent aws that may grow under uctuating load environments during the operational phase of the structural hardware. The design philosophy, material selection, analysis approach, testing, quality control, inspection, and manufacturing are key elements that can contribute to failure prevention and assure a trouble-free structure. To have a robust structure, it must be designed to withstand the envir- mental load throughout its service life, even when the structure has pre-existing aws or when a part of the structure has already failed. If the design philosophy of the structure is based on the fail-safe requirements, or multiple load path design, partial failure of a structural component due to crack propagation is localized and safely contained or arrested. For that reason, proper inspection technique must be scheduled for reusable parts to detect the amount and rate of crack growth, and the possible need for repairing or replacement of the part. An example of a fail-sa- designed structure with crack-arrest feature, common to all aircraft structural parts, is the skin-stiffened design con guration. However, in other cases, the design p- losophy has safe-life or single load path feature, where analysts must demonstrate that parts have adequate life during their service operation and the possibility of catastrophic failure is remote. For example, all pressurized vessels that have single load path feature are classi ed as high-risk parts. During their service operation, these tanks may develop cracks, which will grow gradually in a stable manner.










Probabilistic Aspects of Life Prediction


Book Description

As fatigue and fracture mechanics approaches are used more often for determining the useful life and/or inspection intervals for complex structures, realization sets-in that all factors are not well known or characterized. Indeed, inherent scatter exists in initial material quality and in material performance. Furthermore, projections of component usage in determination of applied stresses are inexact at best and are subject to much discrepancy between projected and actual usage. Even the models for predicting life contain inherent sources of error based on assumptions and/or empirically fitted parameters. All of these factors need to be accounted for to determine a distribution of potential lives based on combination of the aforementioned variables, as well as other factors. The purpose of this symposium was to create a forum for assessment of the state-of-the-art in incorporating these uncertainties and inherent scatter into systematic probabilistic methods for conducting life assessment.