Governance and Opportunity in Metropolitan America


Book Description

America's cities have symbolized the nation's prosperity, dynamism, and innovation. Even with the trend toward suburbanization, many central cities attract substantial new investment and employment. Within this profile of health, however, many urban areas are beset by problems of economic disparity, physical deterioration, and social distress. This volume addresses the condition of the city from the perspective of the larger metropolitan region. It offers important, thought-provoking perspectives on the structure of metropolitan-level decisionmaking, the disadvantages faced by cities and city residents, and expanding economic opportunity to all residents in a metropolitan area. The book provides data, real-world examples, and analyses in key areas: Distribution of metropolitan populations and what this means for city dwellers, suburbanites, whites, and minorities. How quality of life depends on the spatial structure of a community and how problems are based on inequalities in spatial opportunityâ€"with a focus on the relationship between taxes and services. The role of the central city today, the rationale for revitalizing central cities, and city-suburban interdependence. The book includes papers that provide in-depth examinations of zoning policy in relation to patterns of suburban development; regionalism in transportation and air quality; the geography of economic and social opportunity; social stratification in metropolitan areas; and fiscal and service disparities within metropolitan areas.




Metropolitan Transport and Land Use


Book Description

As cities around the globe respond to rapid technological changes and political pressures, coordinated transport and land use planning is an often targeted aim. Metropolitan Transport and Land Use, the second edition of Planning for Place and Plexus, provides unique and updated perspectives on metropolitan transport networks and land use planning, challenging current planning strategies, offering frameworks to understand and evaluate policy, and suggesting alternative solutions. The book includes current and cutting-edge theory, findings, and recommendations which are cleverly illustrated throughout using international examples. This revised work continues to serve as a valuable resource for students, researchers, practitioners, and policy advisors working across transport, land use, and planning.




Planning for Place and Plexus


Book Description

Planning for Place and Plexus provides a fresh and unique perspective on metropolitan land use and transport networks, challenging current planning strategies and offering frameworks to understand and evaluate policy. The book suggests actions for the future urban growth of metropolitan areas and includes current and cutting edge theory, findings, and recommendations which are cleverly illustrated throughout using international examples.




Metropolitan America in Transition


Book Description

This report summarizes a workshop held in Arlington, Virginia, on September 9-10, 1993, focusing on the broad range of factors that influence metropolitan development patterns in the United States and the impacts of those development patterns. Jointly sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the Federal Transit Administration (FTA), the Office of the Secretary (OST) of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), and the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, this workshop examined fundamental issues related to past, present, and future patterns of metropolitan development and how public policy can be formulated in full consideration of these issues. The program was built upon a one-day seminar sponsored by FHWA in August 1992 entitled "Edge City and ISTEA--So What?" at which emergence and character of large-scale, mixed-use suburban centers were discussed. The workshop had a dual focus: a) to identify the range and scope of policy issues associated with coordinated land use and transportation planning; and b) to prepare an agenda of research and program activities to advance the state of knowledge on the topic. Workshop themes included identifying emerging growth trends and assessing their impact on mobility and various other social, economic, and environmental quality-of-life aspects in metropolitan America. The workshop program consisted of four plenary sessions comprised of paper presentations followed by individual and panel discussions. Two rounds of small-group breakout sessions were conducted to further develop the issues and possible solutions. Plenary session topics included: Regional demographic and land use trends; Economic, social, and environmental dimensions of growth; Diversity of perspectives on future development patterns; and Policy development and analysis processes to support planning. By the end of the workshop, the discussions converged on a short list of key themes warranting further attention and providing the basis for recommended future research and program activities.




Taking the High Road


Book Description

Since the early 1990s, federal transportation laws have slowly started to level the playing field between highway and alternative transportation strategies, as well as between older and newer communities. The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 and the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century made substantial changes in transportation practices. These laws devolved greater responsibility for planning and implementation to urban development organizations and introduced more flexibility in the spending of federal highway and transit funds. They also created a series of special programs to carry out important national objectives, and they tightened the linkages between transportation spending and issues such as metropolitan air quality. Taking the High Road examines the most pressing transportation challenges facing American cities, suburbs, and metropolitan areas. The authors focus on the central issues in the ongoing debate and deliberations about the nation's transportation policy. They go beyond the federal debate, however, to lay out an agenda for reform that responds directly to those responsible for putting these policies into practice—leaders at the state, metropolitan, and local levels. This book presents public officials with options for reform. Hoping to build upon the progress and momentum of earlier transportation laws, it ensures a better understanding of the problems and provides policymakers, journalists, and the public with a comprehensive guide to the numerous issues that must be addressed. Topics include • A wide-ranging policy framework that addresses the reauthorization debate • An examination of transportation finance and how it affects cities and suburbs • An analysis of metropolitan decisionmaking in transportation • The challenges of transportation access for working families and the elderly • The problems of increasing traffic congestion and the lack of adequate alternatives Contributors include Scot







Best Practices in Metropolitan Transportation Planning


Book Description

Planning at a metropolitan scale is important for effective management of urban growth, transportation systems, air quality, and watershed and green-spaces. It is fundamental to efforts to promote social justice and equity. Best Practices in Metropolitan Transportation Planning shows how the most innovative metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) in the United States are addressing these issues using their mandates to improve transportation networks while pursuing emerging sustainability goals at the same time. As both a policy analysis and a practical how-to guide, this book presents cutting-edge original research on the role accessibility plays - and should play - in transportation planning, tracks how existing plans have sought to balance competing priorities using scenario planning and other strategies, assesses the results of various efforts to reduce automobile dependence in cities, and explains how to make planning documents more powerful and effective. In highlighting the most innovative practices implemented by MPOs, regional planning councils, city and county planning departments and state departments of transportation, this book aims to influence other planning organizations, as well as influence federal and state policy discussions and legislation.




Governance and Sustainable Urban Transport in the Americas


Book Description

This volume explores the governance patterns of three cities of the Americas, Seattle, Montreal, and Curitiba, which all present different but interesting cases in dealing with sustainable urban transport challenges. The authors study empirical data from these three cities to analyze how specific governmental and policy instruments (planning, consultation and market mechanisms for example) were implemented in each case. Through concepts coming from policy studies and sociology, for example, such as path dependency, institutional culture and transaction costs, the three cities are also looked at in a broader perspective in order to better understand how they deal differently with their common challenges.