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Pollen Tip Growth

Author : Gerhard Obermeyer

Publisher : Springer

Page : 419 pages

File Size : 41,71 MB

Release : 2017-06-13

Category : Science

ISBN : 3319566458

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Book Description

This book focuses on the biophysical aspects of tip growth: How do physical parameters like pressure, water potential, electrical fields, or ion currents contribute to and influence this specialized and highly dynamic form of cell growth? It provides an updated and balanced overview of the current state of knowledge and future research perspectives regarding how pollen tubes’ growth is driven and regulated by molecular interactions underlying the cellular processes. The individual chapters address topics ranging from molecular biophysical concepts to comprehensive omic studies and computational modeling of the tip growth process. In addition, a chapter on root hair cells is included to provide an alternative view on the underlying molecular principles of tip growth in general. Each chapter provides a summary of cutting-edge techniques, results and experimental data; a statement, hypothesis or conclusion on the importance of the aspect described for tip growth, particularly pollen tip growth; and addresses open gaps in our understanding and potential approaches to remedying them. The book offers experimental and theoretical solutions to help established researchers and newcomers to the field alike solve the many mysterious behaviors of pollen tube tips.



Sexual Plant Reproduction

Author : Mauro Cresti

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 241 pages

File Size : 32,6 MB

Release : 2012-12-06

Category : Science

ISBN : 3642776779

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Book Description

In recent years there has been a growing awareness of the importance of reproductive biology to crop production and there has been a tremendous increase in research on reproductive structures of higher plants. Presented here is a wide information of different aspects of micro- and macrosporogenesis, pollen-stigma interaction and recognition, pollen tube growth, cytoskeleton, in vitro and in vivo gamete fusion, and incompatibility. The most advanced techniques employed in studies on reproductive biology of higher plants are described in detail.



Mathematical and Experimental Studies of Pollen Tube Tip Growth and Guidance

Author : Nan Luo

Publisher :

Page : 125 pages

File Size : 32,16 MB

Release : 2016

Category : Arabidopsis

ISBN : 9781339729619

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Book Description

Tip growth is an extreme form of polar growth and involves highly polarized cellular activities, such as vesicular trafficking and cell surface extension. In the presence of environmental signals, tip growing cells are able to reestablish the axis of polarity and growth in a process called growth guidance. Previous studies showed that in various cell systems, tip growth and growth guidance depend on polarized Rho GTPase signaling and exocytosis. In this study, we combined mathematical modeling and biological experimentation to study the molecular mechanisms underlying the tip growth and guidance of Arabidopsis pollen tubes. Firstly, a mathematical model integrating the intracellular signaling and the cell surface mechanics in pollen tube tip growth is presented. The predictions of the model were confirmed by phenotypic characterization of mutants defective in the ROP1 signaling, exocytosis or cell wall modification. The results supported the hypothesis that in pollen tube tip growth, exocytosis is the central player that couples ROP1 GTPase signaling pathways with cell wall mechanical properties. Secondly, a mathematical model of pollen tube guidance was developed based on the framework of the tip growth model using the Finite Element Method. In this model, the distribution of active ROP1 is biased by the gradient of the extracellular guidance signal, leading to asymmetric growth towards the source of the guidance signal. This model is validated by observing the dynamics of ROP1 activity and cell morphology in pollen tube guidance using the semi- in vitro assay. Finally, a novel method of measuring the exocytosis rate of cell membrane or cell wall proteins is presented. In this method, the protein-of-interest is tagged with Dendra2, a photo-convertible fluorescent protein. Following photoconversion, both exocytosis and other processes that affect fluorescence recovery such as endocytosis and cell surface extension can be tracked simultaneously. We developed an algorithm for data processing and calculation, and applied this method in measuring the exocytosis rate of PRK1 in Arabidopsis pollen tubes. Overall, this study provided a platform for the application of mathematics in the study of plant cell signaling and morphogenesis.



Angiosperm Pollen and Ovules

Author : E. Ottaviano

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 480 pages

File Size : 28,61 MB

Release : 2012-12-06

Category : Science

ISBN : 1461229588

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Book Description

The subject of this volume is the reproductive biology of plants. A steadily growing interest in this field is the result of at least two factors, as pointed out with great foresight by one of the driving forces in the field, H.E Linskens (Linskens 1964): most of the food consumed by humans takes the form of plant reproductive parts, and molecular biology now provides pow erful tools for investigating and manipulating plant reproductive systems. Molecular biology and the allied discipline of biotechnology are solidly represented in the papers in this book. The editors of Angiosperm Pollen and Ovules believe that the chapters herein contain some of the most excit ing findings of contemporary biology, and hope that the readers of this book will share their enthusiasm. The editors express sincere and grateful thanks for help from Carla Frova, Enrico Pe, and especially to Giorgio Binelli, all of the University of Milan. Without these three tireless and enthusiastic individuals it would not have been possible to maintain the apparently effortless proceeding of this congress. We thank also the organizing committee and the organizations that generously provided financial support (both listed below). Finally, we extend thanks to M. Cresti, D. Charlesworth, D. Hess, E Hoekstra, R. Bruce Knox, J.P. Mascarenhas, M.E. Nasrallah, P.L. Pfahler, A. Snow, and M.T.M. Willemse for chairing sessions.





Plant Cell Walls

Author : Peter Albersheim

Publisher : Garland Science

Page : 430 pages

File Size : 11,15 MB

Release : 2010-04-15

Category : Science

ISBN : 1136843582

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Book Description

Plant cell walls are complex, dynamic cellular structures essential for plant growth, development, physiology and adaptation. Plant Cell Walls provides an in depth and diverse view of the microanatomy, biosynthesis and molecular physiology of these cellular structures, both in the life of the plant and in their use for bioproducts and biofuels. Plant Cell Walls is a textbook for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students, as well as a professional-level reference book. Over 400 drawings, micrographs, and photographs provide visual insight into the latest research, as well as the uses of plant cell walls in everyday life, and their applications in biotechnology. Illustrated panels concisely review research methods and tools; a list of key terms is given at the end of each chapter; and extensive references organized by concept headings provide readers with guidance for entry into plant cell wall literature. Cell wall material is of considerable importance to the biofuel, food, timber, and pulp and paper industries as well as being a major focus of research in plant growth and sustainability that are of central interest in present day agriculture and biotechnology. The production and use of plants for biofuel and bioproducts in a time of need for responsible global carbon use requires a deep understanding of the fundamental biology of plants and their cell walls. Such an understanding will lead to improved plant processes and materials, and help provide a sustainable resource for meeting the future bioenergy and bioproduct needs of humankind.



The Pollen Tube

Author : Rui Malhó

Publisher : Springer

Page : 0 pages

File Size : 30,78 MB

Release : 2013-01-02

Category : Science

ISBN : 9783642068232

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Book Description

New data on the pollen tube reflects its qualities as a biological model beyond its function as a carrier of sperm cells in plant reproduction. This book shows that pollen tubes are excellent models for plant cell research, suitable for investigations on cell tip growth and polarization, signal transduction, channel and ion flux activity, gene expression, cytoskeleton and wall structure, membrane dynamics and even cell–to-cell communication.



Fertilization in Higher Plants

Author : Mauro Cresti

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 444 pages

File Size : 42,54 MB

Release : 2012-12-06

Category : Science

ISBN : 3642599699

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Book Description

Biotechnological methods are opening new ways in plant breeding. They allow novel strategies for improving crop productivity and quality, especially in the agrofood sector. The molecular mechanisms underlying these biotechnological approaches are presented here. Topics included are: pollen development, pollen tube growth, macrosporogenesis and fertilization and the effects of pesticides on sexual plant reproduction. Fertilization in higher plants is a complex process consisting of two events, the fusion of the egg with one sperm cell resulting in the diploid zygote, and the fusion of embryosac nuclei with another sperm cell, leading to a triploid endosperm. This "double fertilization" is preceded by the pollination process and a long lasting interaction between the dipoid pistil and the haploid pollen tube (progamic phase). Fertilization of flowering plants results in the formation of seeds and fruits, our basic food supply.



Pollination in Plants

Author : Phatlane William Mokwala

Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand

Page : 132 pages

File Size : 47,81 MB

Release : 2018-06-06

Category : Medical

ISBN : 1789232368

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Book Description

Plants are the basic source of food for both humans and animals. Most of the food is made of fruits and seeds. For these to be formed, pollination must first take place. This process is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther, which is the male structure of the flower, to the sigma on the female structure of the flower. The transfer process requires agents to be carried out. The agents can be either biotic or abiotic. Nature perfected this arrangement between the pollination agents and the plants. As ecosystems and agricultural systems are changing, this balanced arrangement becomes disturbed. This makes it necessary that pollination systems be studied so that necessary measures can be undertaken to ensure productivity. The chapters of this book present results in research undertaken to improve productivity in crops such as Actinidia chinensis (the kiwifruit), Theobroma cacao (cocoa), and Manicaria saccifera (a tropical forest palm). Some results are presented on tests to check the viability of pollen grains and the delivery of sperm cells through pollen tubes to the embryo sac. These results can serve as guidelines to any person seeking to improve pollination and productivity or to check the efficiency on pollination in ecosystems or agricultural production systems.



The Expanding Cell

Author : Jean-Pierre Verbelen

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 302 pages

File Size : 23,13 MB

Release : 2006-11-03

Category : Science

ISBN : 3540391169

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Book Description

The study of plant cell expansion involves many different disciplines and technical approaches, and this book brings this diversity together to present a multifaceted view of the most up-to-date knowledge. Coverage includes data ranging from biophysical measurements and chemical analysis to molecular biological approaches and microscopy.