Author : Michaela Wells
Publisher :
Page : 138 pages
File Size : 29,43 MB
Release : 2015
Category : Geology
ISBN :
Author : Jordan Bratcher
Publisher :
Page : 70 pages
File Size : 46,51 MB
Release : 2017
Category : Geochemistry
ISBN : 9780355095746
The ability to reuse produced waters in hydraulic fracturing operations will not only conserve freshwater resources but potentially enhance production in some cases as well. This study assesses the effects of pH and ionic strength on fluid-rock interactions associated with using produced water for hydraulic fracturing. Frontier Formation core samples (consisting of interbedded shales and sandstones) used in experiments were collected from the Hornbuckle 1-11H well within the Powder River Basin of Wyoming. A simplified fracturing fluid was constructed based on information retrieved from the Hornbuckle 1-11H completion report and includes HCl, methanol, a clay stabilizer, and an iron chelating agent. Make up water for the fracturing fluid was geochemically modeled to represent formation waters that naturally exist in the Frontier Formation. Experiments react core samples and hydraulic fracturing fluids at ionic strengths of ~ 0.015, ~ 0.15, and ~ 1.5 molal as well as near-neutral and acidic pH at 115°C (~240°F) and 35 MPa (~5000 psi) for ~ 28 days to replicate in-situ reservoir conditions. Results show significant changes in the aqueous concentrations of calcium, strontium, potassium, magnesium, lithium, and silica. Acidic pH as well as high ionic strength begins to dissolve carbonates and feldspars. Aqueous potassium concentrations increase with higher ionic strengths and shows no effect from pH, potentially due to sodium substitution in illite clays. Magnesium trends are similar to potassium, however significant decreases in aqueous magnesium occur in near-neutral pH conditions. Relative increases in aqueous silica are fastest in acidic pH conditions and unaffected by initial ionic strength. Combining these findings to already existing research has the potential to optimize well production while simultaneously conserving freshwater resources in the future.
Author :
Publisher :
Page : 662 pages
File Size : 10,57 MB
Release : 1984
Category : Power resources
ISBN :
Author : Dirk A.M. Goossens
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 21,48 MB
Release : 1990
Category :
ISBN :
Author :
Publisher :
Page : 1716 pages
File Size : 37,29 MB
Release : 1992
Category : Petroleum
ISBN :
Author :
Publisher :
Page : 1026 pages
File Size : 12,66 MB
Release :
Category : Aeronautics
ISBN :
Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Author : U.s. Environmental Protection Agency
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 664 pages
File Size : 33,48 MB
Release : 2017-06-09
Category : Drinking water
ISBN : 9781547257638
This final report provides a review and synthesis of available scientific information concerning the relationship between hydraulic fracturing activities and drinking water resources in the United States. The report is organized around activities in the hydraulic fracturing water cycle and their potential to impact drinking water resources. The stages include: (1) acquiring water to be used for hydraulic fracturing (Water Acquisition), (2) mixing the water with chemical additives to prepare hydraulic fracturing fluids (Chemical Mixing), (3) injecting the hydraulic fracturing fluids into the production well to create fractures in the targeted production zone (Well Injection), (4) collecting the wastewater that returns through the well after injection (Produced Water Handling), and (5) managing the wastewater via disposal or reuse methods (Wastewater Disposal and Reuse). EPA found scientific evidence that hydraulic fracturing activities can impact drinking water resources under some circumstances. The report identifies certain conditions under which impacts from hydraulic fracturing activities can be more frequent or severe.
Author : Ingemar Larsson
Publisher :
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 46,23 MB
Release : 1984
Category : Science
ISBN :
Current manuals and technical books on ground water hydrology contain relatively little specific information on ground water in hard rocks areas, that is mainly igneous and metamorphic rocks of the Precambrian shield areas. This work is intented to fill this gap and to inform of the possibilities of finding and developing water resources in hard rocks areas
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 177 pages
File Size : 24,74 MB
Release : 2021-01-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 0309373727
Fractured rock is the host or foundation for innumerable engineered structures related to energy, water, waste, and transportation. Characterizing, modeling, and monitoring fractured rock sites is critical to the functioning of those infrastructure, as well as to optimizing resource recovery and contaminant management. Characterization, Modeling, Monitoring, and Remediation of Fractured Rock examines the state of practice and state of art in the characterization of fractured rock and the chemical and biological processes related to subsurface contaminant fate and transport. This report examines new developments, knowledge, and approaches to engineering at fractured rock sites since the publication of the 1996 National Research Council report Rock Fractures and Fluid Flow: Contemporary Understanding and Fluid Flow. Fundamental understanding of the physical nature of fractured rock has changed little since 1996, but many new characterization tools have been developed, and there is now greater appreciation for the importance of chemical and biological processes that can occur in the fractured rock environment. The findings of Characterization, Modeling, Monitoring, and Remediation of Fractured Rock can be applied to all types of engineered infrastructure, but especially to engineered repositories for buried or stored waste and to fractured rock sites that have been contaminated as a result of past disposal or other practices. The recommendations of this report are intended to help the practitioner, researcher, and decision maker take a more interdisciplinary approach to engineering in the fractured rock environment. This report describes how existing tools-some only recently developed-can be used to increase the accuracy and reliability of engineering design and management given the interacting forces of nature. With an interdisciplinary approach, it is possible to conceptualize and model the fractured rock environment with acceptable levels of uncertainty and reliability, and to design systems that maximize remediation and long-term performance. Better scientific understanding could inform regulations, policies, and implementation guidelines related to infrastructure development and operations. The recommendations for research and applications to enhance practice of this book make it a valuable resource for students and practitioners in this field.
Author : I. Stober
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 49,39 MB
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9401004382
The chemical interaction of water and rock is one of the most fascinating an d multifaceted process in geology. The composition of surface water and groundwater is largely controlled by the reaction of water with rocks and minerals. At elevated temperature, hydrothermal features, hydrothermal 0 re deposits and geothermal fields are associated with chemical effects of water-rock interaction. Surface outcrops of rocks from deeper levels in the crust, including exposures of lower crustal and mantle rocks, often display structures that formed by interaction of the rocks with a supercritical aqueous fluid at very high pT conditions. Understanding water-rock interaction is also of great importance to applied geology and geochemistry, particularly in areas such as geothermal energy, nuclear waste repositories and applied hydrogeology. The extremely wide-ranging research efforts on the universal water-rock interaction process is reflected in the wide diversity of themes presented at the regular International Symposia on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI). Because of the large and widespread interest in water-rock interaction, the European Union of Geosciences organized a special symposium on "water-rock interaction" at EUGI0, the biannual meeting in Strasbourg 1999 convened by the editors of this volume. In contrast to the regular WRI symposia addressed to the specialists, the EUG 10 "water-rock interaction" symposium brought the subject to a general platform This very successful symposium showed the way to the future of water-rock reaction research.
