Power Grid Resiliency for Adverse Conditions


Book Description

Written by a leading expert in the field, this practical book offers a comprehensive understanding of the impact of extreme weather and the possible effects of climate change on the power grid. The impact and restoration of floods, winter storms, wind storms, and hurricanes as well as the effects of heat waves and dry spells on thermal power plants is explained in detail. This book explores proven practices for successful restoration of the power grid, increased system resiliency, and ride-through after extreme weather and provides readers with examples from super storm Sandy. This book presents the effects of lack of ground moisture on transmission line performance and gives an overview of line insulation coordination, stress-strength analysis, and tower insulation strength, and then provides readers with tangible solutions. Structural hardening of power systems against storms, including wind pressure, wood poles, and vegetation management is covered. Moreover, this book provides suggestions for practical implementations to improve future smart grid resiliency.




Resiliency of Power Distribution Systems


Book Description

RESILIENCY OF POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS A revolutionary book covering the relevant concepts for resiliency-focused advancements of the distribution power grid Most resiliency and security guidelines for the power industry are focused on power transmission systems. As renewable energy and energy storage increasingly replace fossil-fuel-based power generation over the coming years, geospatially neighboring distributed energy resources will supply a majority of consumers and provide clean power through long transmission lines. These electric power distribution systems—the final stage in the delivery of electric power—carry electricity from the transmission system to individual consumers. New distributed devices will be essential to the grid to manage this variable power generation and enhance reliability and resilience while keeping electricity affordable as the world seeks solutions to climate change and threats from extreme events. In Resiliency of Power Distribution Systems, readers are provided with the tools to understand and enhance resiliency of distribution systems—and thereby, the entire power grid. In a shift from the present design and operation of the power system, the book is focused on improving the grid’s ability to predict, adapt, and respond to all hazards and threats. This, then, acts as a guide to ensure that any incident can be mitigated and responded to promptly and adequately. It also highlights the most advanced and applicable methodologies and architecture frameworks that evaluate degradation, advance proactive action, and transform system behavior to maintain normal operation, under extreme operating conditions. Resiliency of Power Distribution Systems readers will also find: Chapter organization that facilitates quick review of distribution fundamental and easy-but-thorough understanding of the importance of resiliency Real-world case studies where resilient power systems could have prevented massive financial and energy losses Frameworks to help mitigate cyber-physical attacks, strategize response on multiple timescales, and optimize operational efficiencies and priorities for the power grid Resiliency of Power Distribution Systems is a valuable reference for power system professionals including electrical engineers, utility operators, distribution system planners and engineers, and manufacturers, as well as members of the research community, energy market experts and policy makers, and graduate students on electrical engineering courses.




Modeling Power Grid Recovery and Resilience Post Extreme Weather Events


Book Description

The traditional N-1 power grid system is inadequate as it cannot withstand extreme weather events like hurricane, flooding, earthquake etc. Extreme event analysis reports by NERC, BPU, and ERCOT state that failure of outdoor grid components like distribution lines, transformers and generators lead to majority of the power outages where millions of customers get affected. This research addresses the problem of power grid resilience post an extreme weather event and how the grid recovery can be planned and executed. We propose a repair and recovery model for transmission lines for the case of Hurricane Harvey and analyze how the repair rate and the failure rate affect various performance metrics. We analyze how electric vehicles (EV) can be used as a potential alternative to build resilience of a power system in contingency. A mathematical model is developed for the EV battery swap process and the minimum spare battery requirement is analyzed for various scenarios. We present a Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) based resilience model for critical loads like manufacturing facility during an extreme event. The main goal of this model is to determine the sizing and siting of the wind- and solar-based microgrid to ensure power resilience through island operations. Through this model, we analyze how the number of EVs, battery capacities, industrial production loss and the V2G service cost affect the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) in extreme weather condition.




Power After Carbon


Book Description

The electricity sector is facing its toughest test: eliminate carbon emissions while meeting much larger demands for power and adjusting to massive disruptions in its markets, technologies, business models, and policies. Peter Fox-Penner unwinds the industry's fast-moving challenges and makes realistic recommendations for this essential industry.




Electric System Operations: Evolving to the Modern Grid, Second Edition


Book Description

This completely updated second edition includes case studies and a focus on the business of system operations. The broad range of actions under system operations from transmission to distribution are explored. The underpinnings of electric systems operations are highlighted, with an introduction to utilities and power systems. It offers a thorough definition of system operations, identifying and explaining the various systems that support this function and how they integrate into the utility. The book presents a thorough definition of system operations, identifying and explaining the various systems that support this function and how they integrate into the utility. The business perspective on electric systems operation, and how critical this area is to a utility’s ability to provide reliable power to customers is detailed. Readers discover how a utility's network operation is a key contributor to the viable sustainment of its business. The book presents the convergence of the systems used in the grid operations of today and addresses the emerging needs of the smart grid operations of tomorrow. Readers discover how a utility’s network operation is a key contributor to the viable sustainment of its business, as well as learn how system operations help to ensure the right levels of safety, reliability and efficiency in everything that relates to transmission and distribution grid management.




Battery Management Systems, Volume III: Physics-Based Methods


Book Description

This book -- the third and final volume in a series describing battery-management systems – shows you how to use physics-based models of battery cells in a computationally efficient way for optimal battery-pack management and control to maximize battery-pack performance and extend life. It covers the foundations of electrochemical model-based battery management system while introducing and teaching the state of the art in physics-based methods for battery management. Building upon the content in volumes I and II, the book helps you identify parameter values for physics-based models of a commercial lithium-ion battery cell without requiring cell teardown; shows you how to estimate the internal electrochemical state of all cells in a battery pack in a computationally efficient way during operation using these physics-based models; demonstrates the use the models plus state estimates in a battery management system to optimize fast-charge of battery packs to minimize charge time while also maximizing battery service life; and takes you step-by-step through the use models to optimize the instantaneous power that can be demanded from the battery pack while also maximizing battery service life. The book also demonstrates how to overcome the primary roadblocks to implementing physics-based method for battery management: the computational-complexity roadblock, the parameter-identification roadblock, and the control-optimization roadblock. It also uncovers the fundamental flaw in all present “state of art” methods and shows you why all BMS based on equivalent-circuit models must be designed with over-conservative assumptions. This is a strong resource for battery engineers, chemists, researchers, and educators who are interested in advanced battery management systems and strategies based on the best available understanding of how battery cells operate.







Assessing Risk to the National Critical Functions as a Result of Climate Change


Book Description

National Critical Functions (NCFs) are government and private-sector functions so vital that their disruption would debilitate security, the economy, public health, or safety. Researchers developed a risk management framework to assess and manage the risk that climate change poses to the NCFs and use the framework to assess 27 priority NCFs. This report details the risk assessment portions of the framework.




Enhancing the Resilience of the Nation's Electricity System


Book Description

Americans' safety, productivity, comfort, and convenience depend on the reliable supply of electric power. The electric power system is a complex "cyber-physical" system composed of a network of millions of components spread out across the continent. These components are owned, operated, and regulated by thousands of different entities. Power system operators work hard to assure safe and reliable service, but large outages occasionally happen. Given the nature of the system, there is simply no way that outages can be completely avoided, no matter how much time and money is devoted to such an effort. The system's reliability and resilience can be improved but never made perfect. Thus, system owners, operators, and regulators must prioritize their investments based on potential benefits. Enhancing the Resilience of the Nation's Electricity System focuses on identifying, developing, and implementing strategies to increase the power system's resilience in the face of events that can cause large-area, long-duration outages: blackouts that extend over multiple service areas and last several days or longer. Resilience is not just about lessening the likelihood that these outages will occur. It is also about limiting the scope and impact of outages when they do occur, restoring power rapidly afterwards, and learning from these experiences to better deal with events in the future.




Future Modern Distribution Networks Resilience


Book Description

Future Modern Distribution Networks Resilience examines the combined impact of low-probability and high-impact events on modern distribution systems’ resilience. Using practical guidance, the book provides comprehensive approaches for improving energy systems’ resilience by utilizing infrastructure and operational strategies. Divided in three parts, Part One provides a conceptual introduction and review of power system resilience, including topics such as risk and vulnerability assessment in power systems, resilience metrics, and power systems operation and planning. Part Two discusses modelling of vulnerability and resilience evaluation indices and cost-benefit analysis. Part Three reviews infrastructure and operational strategies to improve power system resilience, including robust grid hardening strategies, mobile energy storage and electric vehicles, and networked microgrids and renewable energy resources. With a strong focus on economic results and cost-effectives, Future Modern Distribution Networks Resilience is a practical reference for students, researchers and engineers interested in power engineering, energy systems, and renewable energy. Reviews related concepts to active distribution systems resilience before, during, and after a sudden disaster Presents analysis of risk and vulnerability for reliable evaluation, sustainable operation, and accurate planning of energy grids against low-probability and high-impact events Highlights applications of practical metrics for resilience assessment of future energy networks Provides guidance for the development of cost-effective resilient techniques for reducing the vulnerability of electrical grids to severe disasters