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Practical Guide To Principal Component Methods in R

Author : Alboukadel KASSAMBARA

Publisher : STHDA

Page : 171 pages

File Size : 25,87 MB

Release : 2017-08-23

Category : Education

ISBN : 1975721136

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Book Description

Although there are several good books on principal component methods (PCMs) and related topics, we felt that many of them are either too theoretical or too advanced. This book provides a solid practical guidance to summarize, visualize and interpret the most important information in a large multivariate data sets, using principal component methods in R. The visualization is based on the factoextra R package that we developed for creating easily beautiful ggplot2-based graphs from the output of PCMs. This book contains 4 parts. Part I provides a quick introduction to R and presents the key features of FactoMineR and factoextra. Part II describes classical principal component methods to analyze data sets containing, predominantly, either continuous or categorical variables. These methods include: Principal Component Analysis (PCA, for continuous variables), simple correspondence analysis (CA, for large contingency tables formed by two categorical variables) and Multiple CA (MCA, for a data set with more than 2 categorical variables). In Part III, you'll learn advanced methods for analyzing a data set containing a mix of variables (continuous and categorical) structured or not into groups: Factor Analysis of Mixed Data (FAMD) and Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA). Part IV covers hierarchical clustering on principal components (HCPC), which is useful for performing clustering with a data set containing only categorical variables or with a mixed data of categorical and continuous variables.



Complete Guide to 3D Plots in R

Author : Alboukadel KASSAMBARA

Publisher : Alboukadel KASSAMBARA

Page : 113 pages

File Size : 13,15 MB

Release :

Category :

ISBN :

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Book Description

This book provides a complete guide for visualizing a data in 3 dimensions (3D) using R software. It contains 2 main parts and 7 chapters describing how to draw static and interactive 3D plots. - The chapter 1 is about data preparation for 3D plot - In chapter 2, we describe how to create easily basic static 3D scatter plots. We provide R codes for changing: 1) main and axis titles; 2) the appearance of the plot (point colors, labels and shapes, legend position, ...) - Chapter 3 presents how to create advanced static 3D plots including 3D scatter plots with confidence interval, 3D line plots, 3D texts, 3D barplots, 3D histograms and 3D arrows. - Chapter 4 describes the required package for drawing interactive 3D plots. - In chapter 5, we show how to transform easily an existing static 3D plot into aninteractive 3D plot. - Chapter 6 provides many examples of R codes for creating interactive 3D scatter plotswith 3D regression surfaces and concentration ellipsoids. We describe also how to exportthese graphs as png or pdf files. - Chapter 7 presents a complete guide to RGL 3D visualization device system. We provide also R codes for creating a movie from RGL 3D scene and for exporting plot into an interactive HTML web file. Each chapter is organized as an independent quick start guide. This means that, you don’tneed to read the different chapters in sequence.



Applied Unsupervised Learning with R

Author : Alok Malik

Publisher : Packt Publishing Ltd

Page : 320 pages

File Size : 24,86 MB

Release : 2019-03-27

Category : Computers

ISBN : 1789951461

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Book Description

Design clever algorithms that discover hidden patterns and draw responses from unstructured, unlabeled data. Key FeaturesBuild state-of-the-art algorithms that can solve your business' problemsLearn how to find hidden patterns in your dataRevise key concepts with hands-on exercises using real-world datasetsBook Description Starting with the basics, Applied Unsupervised Learning with R explains clustering methods, distribution analysis, data encoders, and features of R that enable you to understand your data better and get answers to your most pressing business questions. This book begins with the most important and commonly used method for unsupervised learning - clustering - and explains the three main clustering algorithms - k-means, divisive, and agglomerative. Following this, you'll study market basket analysis, kernel density estimation, principal component analysis, and anomaly detection. You'll be introduced to these methods using code written in R, with further instructions on how to work with, edit, and improve R code. To help you gain a practical understanding, the book also features useful tips on applying these methods to real business problems, including market segmentation and fraud detection. By working through interesting activities, you'll explore data encoders and latent variable models. By the end of this book, you will have a better understanding of different anomaly detection methods, such as outlier detection, Mahalanobis distances, and contextual and collective anomaly detection. What you will learnImplement clustering methods such as k-means, agglomerative, and divisiveWrite code in R to analyze market segmentation and consumer behaviorEstimate distribution and probabilities of different outcomesImplement dimension reduction using principal component analysisApply anomaly detection methods to identify fraudDesign algorithms with R and learn how to edit or improve codeWho this book is for Applied Unsupervised Learning with R is designed for business professionals who want to learn about methods to understand their data better, and developers who have an interest in unsupervised learning. Although the book is for beginners, it will be beneficial to have some basic, beginner-level familiarity with R. This includes an understanding of how to open the R console, how to read data, and how to create a loop. To easily understand the concepts of this book, you should also know basic mathematical concepts, including exponents, square roots, means, and medians.



Machine Learning Essentials

Author : Alboukadel Kassambara

Publisher : STHDA

Page : 211 pages

File Size : 29,53 MB

Release : 2018-03-10

Category : Computers

ISBN : 1986406857

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Book Description

Discovering knowledge from big multivariate data, recorded every days, requires specialized machine learning techniques. This book presents an easy to use practical guide in R to compute the most popular machine learning methods for exploring real word data sets, as well as, for building predictive models. The main parts of the book include: A) Unsupervised learning methods, to explore and discover knowledge from a large multivariate data set using clustering and principal component methods. You will learn hierarchical clustering, k-means, principal component analysis and correspondence analysis methods. B) Regression analysis, to predict a quantitative outcome value using linear regression and non-linear regression strategies. C) Classification techniques, to predict a qualitative outcome value using logistic regression, discriminant analysis, naive bayes classifier and support vector machines. D) Advanced machine learning methods, to build robust regression and classification models using k-nearest neighbors methods, decision tree models, ensemble methods (bagging, random forest and boosting). E) Model selection methods, to select automatically the best combination of predictor variables for building an optimal predictive model. These include, best subsets selection methods, stepwise regression and penalized regression (ridge, lasso and elastic net regression models). We also present principal component-based regression methods, which are useful when the data contain multiple correlated predictor variables. F) Model validation and evaluation techniques for measuring the performance of a predictive model. G) Model diagnostics for detecting and fixing a potential problems in a predictive model. The book presents the basic principles of these tasks and provide many examples in R. This book offers solid guidance in data mining for students and researchers. Key features: - Covers machine learning algorithm and implementation - Key mathematical concepts are presented - Short, self-contained chapters with practical examples.



R for Political Data Science

Author : Francisco Urdinez

Publisher : CRC Press

Page : 469 pages

File Size : 18,35 MB

Release : 2020-11-18

Category : Political Science

ISBN : 1000204510

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Book Description

R for Political Data Science: A Practical Guide is a handbook for political scientists new to R who want to learn the most useful and common ways to interpret and analyze political data. It was written by political scientists, thinking about the many real-world problems faced in their work. The book has 16 chapters and is organized in three sections. The first, on the use of R, is for those users who are learning R or are migrating from another software. The second section, on econometric models, covers OLS, binary and survival models, panel data, and causal inference. The third section is a data science toolbox of some the most useful tools in the discipline: data imputation, fuzzy merge of large datasets, web mining, quantitative text analysis, network analysis, mapping, spatial cluster analysis, and principal component analysis. Key features: Each chapter has the most up-to-date and simple option available for each task, assuming minimal prerequisites and no previous experience in R Makes extensive use of the Tidyverse, the group of packages that has revolutionized the use of R Provides a step-by-step guide that you can replicate using your own data Includes exercises in every chapter for course use or self-study Focuses on practical-based approaches to statistical inference rather than mathematical formulae Supplemented by an R package, including all data As the title suggests, this book is highly applied in nature, and is designed as a toolbox for the reader. It can be used in methods and data science courses, at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. It will be equally useful for a university student pursuing a PhD, political consultants, or a public official, all of whom need to transform their datasets into substantive and easily interpretable conclusions.



An Introduction to Applied Multivariate Analysis with R

Author : Brian Everitt

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 284 pages

File Size : 35,12 MB

Release : 2011-04-23

Category : Mathematics

ISBN : 1441996508

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Book Description

The majority of data sets collected by researchers in all disciplines are multivariate, meaning that several measurements, observations, or recordings are taken on each of the units in the data set. These units might be human subjects, archaeological artifacts, countries, or a vast variety of other things. In a few cases, it may be sensible to isolate each variable and study it separately, but in most instances all the variables need to be examined simultaneously in order to fully grasp the structure and key features of the data. For this purpose, one or another method of multivariate analysis might be helpful, and it is with such methods that this book is largely concerned. Multivariate analysis includes methods both for describing and exploring such data and for making formal inferences about them. The aim of all the techniques is, in general sense, to display or extract the signal in the data in the presence of noise and to find out what the data show us in the midst of their apparent chaos. An Introduction to Applied Multivariate Analysis with R explores the correct application of these methods so as to extract as much information as possible from the data at hand, particularly as some type of graphical representation, via the R software. Throughout the book, the authors give many examples of R code used to apply the multivariate techniques to multivariate data.



Practical Guide to Cluster Analysis in R

Author : Alboukadel Kassambara

Publisher : STHDA

Page : 168 pages

File Size : 42,33 MB

Release : 2017-08-23

Category : Education

ISBN : 1542462703

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Book Description

Although there are several good books on unsupervised machine learning, we felt that many of them are too theoretical. This book provides practical guide to cluster analysis, elegant visualization and interpretation. It contains 5 parts. Part I provides a quick introduction to R and presents required R packages, as well as, data formats and dissimilarity measures for cluster analysis and visualization. Part II covers partitioning clustering methods, which subdivide the data sets into a set of k groups, where k is the number of groups pre-specified by the analyst. Partitioning clustering approaches include: K-means, K-Medoids (PAM) and CLARA algorithms. In Part III, we consider hierarchical clustering method, which is an alternative approach to partitioning clustering. The result of hierarchical clustering is a tree-based representation of the objects called dendrogram. In this part, we describe how to compute, visualize, interpret and compare dendrograms. Part IV describes clustering validation and evaluation strategies, which consists of measuring the goodness of clustering results. Among the chapters covered here, there are: Assessing clustering tendency, Determining the optimal number of clusters, Cluster validation statistics, Choosing the best clustering algorithms and Computing p-value for hierarchical clustering. Part V presents advanced clustering methods, including: Hierarchical k-means clustering, Fuzzy clustering, Model-based clustering and Density-based clustering.



Generalized Principal Component Analysis

Author : René Vidal

Publisher : Springer

Page : 590 pages

File Size : 45,95 MB

Release : 2016-04-11

Category : Science

ISBN : 0387878114

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Book Description

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the latest advances in the mathematical theory and computational tools for modeling high-dimensional data drawn from one or multiple low-dimensional subspaces (or manifolds) and potentially corrupted by noise, gross errors, or outliers. This challenging task requires the development of new algebraic, geometric, statistical, and computational methods for efficient and robust estimation and segmentation of one or multiple subspaces. The book also presents interesting real-world applications of these new methods in image processing, image and video segmentation, face recognition and clustering, and hybrid system identification etc. This book is intended to serve as a textbook for graduate students and beginning researchers in data science, machine learning, computer vision, image and signal processing, and systems theory. It contains ample illustrations, examples, and exercises and is made largely self-contained with three Appendices which survey basic concepts and principles from statistics, optimization, and algebraic-geometry used in this book. René Vidal is a Professor of Biomedical Engineering and Director of the Vision Dynamics and Learning Lab at The Johns Hopkins University. Yi Ma is Executive Dean and Professor at the School of Information Science and Technology at ShanghaiTech University. S. Shankar Sastry is Dean of the College of Engineering, Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Professor of Bioengineering at the University of California, Berkeley.



Introduction to Bioinformatics with R

Author : Edward Curry

Publisher : CRC Press

Page : 311 pages

File Size : 42,72 MB

Release : 2020-11-02

Category : Mathematics

ISBN : 1351015303

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Book Description

In biological research, the amount of data available to researchers has increased so much over recent years, it is becoming increasingly difficult to understand the current state of the art without some experience and understanding of data analytics and bioinformatics. An Introduction to Bioinformatics with R: A Practical Guide for Biologists leads the reader through the basics of computational analysis of data encountered in modern biological research. With no previous experience with statistics or programming required, readers will develop the ability to plan suitable analyses of biological datasets, and to use the R programming environment to perform these analyses. This is achieved through a series of case studies using R to answer research questions using molecular biology datasets. Broadly applicable statistical methods are explained, including linear and rank-based correlation, distance metrics and hierarchical clustering, hypothesis testing using linear regression, proportional hazards regression for survival data, and principal component analysis. These methods are then applied as appropriate throughout the case studies, illustrating how they can be used to answer research questions. Key Features: · Provides a practical course in computational data analysis suitable for students or researchers with no previous exposure to computer programming. · Describes in detail the theoretical basis for statistical analysis techniques used throughout the textbook, from basic principles · Presents walk-throughs of data analysis tasks using R and example datasets. All R commands are presented and explained in order to enable the reader to carry out these tasks themselves. · Uses outputs from a large range of molecular biology platforms including DNA methylation and genotyping microarrays; RNA-seq, genome sequencing, ChIP-seq and bisulphite sequencing; and high-throughput phenotypic screens. · Gives worked-out examples geared towards problems encountered in cancer research, which can also be applied across many areas of molecular biology and medical research. This book has been developed over years of training biological scientists and clinicians to analyse the large datasets available in their cancer research projects. It is appropriate for use as a textbook or as a practical book for biological scientists looking to gain bioinformatics skills.



R Graphics Essentials for Great Data Visualization

Author : Alboukadel Kassambara

Publisher : STHDA

Page : 155 pages

File Size : 12,46 MB

Release : 2017-11-14

Category : Computers

ISBN : 1979748101

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Book Description

Data visualization is one of the most important part of data science. Many books and courses present a catalogue of graphics but they don't teach you which charts to use according to the type of the data. In this book, we start by presenting the key graphic systems and packages available in R, including R base graphs, lattice and ggplot2 plotting systems. Next, we provide more than 200 practical examples to create great graphics for the right data using either the ggplot2 package and extensions or the traditional R graphics. With this book, you 'll learn: - How to quickly create beautiful graphics using ggplot2 packages - How to properly customize and annotate the plots - Type of graphics for visualizing categorical and continuous variables - How to add automatically p-values to box plots, bar plots and alternatives - How to add marginal density plots and correlation coefficients to scatter plots - Key methods for analyzing and visualizing multivariate data - R functions and packages for plotting time series data - How to combine multiple plots on one page to create production-quality figures.