Prediction of Solar Radiation in Areas with a Specific Microclimate


Book Description

One of the main objectives of the European Community Programme on Solar Energy is to provide solar energy practitioners -- architects and engineers who design and implement both active and passive solar energy systems, including biomass and daylighting systems -- with well documented meteorological and climatological data so that they can estimate the solar radiation falling on a receiving surface for any location and at any time throughout the year. As a complement to its other landmark contributions in providing firm data to the solar energy community, the CEC launched a new, 36-month-long programme on 1 April 1986, which was intended to provide a better understanding of the relationship between climatic factors and solar radiation, determine the effect of anthropogenic pollution on the amount of usable solar energy, and establish sound models for the correlation between weather data, pollution, regional orography, coastal influence and the solar radiation pattern. The current volume presents the results of this research programme, gathered from eight characteristic sites in the EC. The first three chapters deal with the problem in general, present the environmental parameters which influence the radiation climate of a site, and explain the process of modelling microclimate solar radiation for a specific site. Chapter 4 deals with specific methods for evaluating microclimate solar radiation, using both a software package and a pocket calculator. Chapter 5 supplies extensive references.




Modeling Solar Radiation at the Earth's Surface


Book Description

Solar radiation data is important for a wide range of applications, e.g. in engineering, agriculture, health sector, and in many fields of the natural sciences. A few examples showing the diversity of applications may include: architecture and building design, e.g. air conditioning and cooling systems; solar heating system design and use; solar power generation; evaporation and irrigation; calculation of water requirements for crops; monitoring plant growth and disease control; skin cancer research.




Solar Radiation and Daylight Models


Book Description

The cost of operating a building far exceeds the cost of constructing it, and yet until recently little attention was paid to the impact of solar radiation on the costs of heating, cooling and ventilation. And now that there has been a surge in interest in energy efficiency and solar design, architects and designers need a practical guide to the modelling and application of solar energy data. There are many different models and techniques available for calculating the distribution of solar radiation on and in buildings, and these algorithms vary considerably in scope, accuracy and complexity. This book demonstrates which of these predictive tools gives the best results in different circumstances, including explaining which models can be best used in different parts of the world. The author has had over twenty-five years of experience of dealing with solar energy data from four continents and has used that experience in this book to show the development not just of knowledge but also the growing sophistication of the models available to apply it.




Computations of Daily Solar Radiation on Inclined Surfaces


Book Description

The quantity of solar radiation impinging on the surface of materials is of extreme importance to scientists concerned with outdoor weathering of materials. Forecasting this solar radiation load and its effects is difficult because of the many factors (astronomical, atmospheric, and material surface conditions) that may alter the quality and quantity, and hence the effects of the incoming radiation. This report deals with the theoretical computation of the angle at which samples of materials should be exposed if they are to receive maximum solar radiation, taking into consideration only the uniqueness of the astronomical and surface position factors. Data summaries are presented that show the amount of radiation impinging on the surface of materials inclined at different angles for worldwide locations.







European Solar Radiation Atlas


Book Description

This atlas is a revised and updated version of the European Solar Radiation Atlas published in 1984. The revised version contains tables and maps displaying monthly means of global, diffuse and beam solar radiation as well as sunhours for a large number of represenative sites in Europe. Tables show radiation on both horizontal and inclined surfaces. The revisions reflect the political developments in the European Union and within neighbouring countries. The presentation of the tables has been improved and additional information is included. An enlarged text section provides an introduction to the systematics of solar radiation measurement and calculation. The solar data presented in this book is a useful source of information for the estimation of the energy harvest potential for solar systems. The data base is provided on two 3 1/2" disks for more ease in computer assisted design work.




Solar and Infrared Radiation Measurements, Second Edition


Book Description

The rather specialized field of solar and infrared radiation measurements has become increasingly important due to the increased demands by the renewable energy and climate change research communities for data with higher accuracy and increased temporal and spatial resolutions. Recent advances in radiometry, measurement systems, and information dissemination also have increased the need for refreshing the literature available for this topic. This book provides the reader with an up-to-date review of the important aspects of solar and infrared radiation measurements: radiometer design; equipment installation, operation, maintenance, and calibration; data quality assessment parameters; and the knowledge necessary to properly interpret and apply the measured data to a variety of topics. Each of the authors has more than 40 years of experience with this subject, primarily as the result of developing and operating multiple measurement stations, working with the industry to improve radiometry, and conducting various research projects. The book’s scope and subject matter have been designed to help a wide audience gain a general understanding of this subject and to serve as a technical reference. A student new to the field will benefit from the review of terminology and the historical perspective for radiometry before addressing more detailed topics in radiometry that we hope will be of interest to the more experienced reader.  Describes the strengths and weaknesses of irradiance instruments  Provides detailed information on how to assess uncertainty in measurements  Offers comprehensive background information needed to understand the use of solar instrumentation  Discusses design concepts for shadowband radiometers, sky imagers, and satellite-based estimates of solar irradiance at the Earth’s surface  Includes chapter-end questions, references, and useful links







Solar Radiation


Book Description

Written by a leading scientist with over 35 years of experience working at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Solar Radiation: Practical Modeling for Renewable Energy Applications brings together the most widely used, easily implemented concepts and models for estimating broadband and spectral solar radiation data. The author addresses various technical and practical questions about the accuracy of solar radiation measurements and modeling. While the focus is on engineering models and results, the book does review the fundamentals of solar radiation modeling and solar radiation measurements. It also examines the accuracy of solar radiation modeling and measurements. The majority of the book describes the most popular simple models for estimating broadband and spectral solar resources available to flat plate, concentrating, photovoltaic, solar thermal, and daylighting engineering designs. Sufficient detail is provided for readers to implement the models in assorted development environments. Covering the nuts and bolts of practical solar radiation modeling applications, this book helps readers translate solar radiation data into viable, real-world renewable energy applications. It answers many how-to questions relating to solar energy conversion systems, solar daylighting, energy efficiency of buildings, and other solar radiation applications.