The Principles of Empirical Or Inductive Logic


Book Description

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1907 edition. Excerpt: ... The distinction with which we are thus concerned is better described as that between Classification intended for special purposes and that which is intended for general purposes. There must be some purpose or aim presupposed in every arrangement of the kind in question, just as there must be one for the shape and size of a tool; and the determination of this purpose at once puts its stamp upon the consequent classification. It is perfectly optional on our part to select our purpose, and the purpose may be of the most various kinds; but, as soon as we have decided upon this, one particular arrangement is suggested as being more complete and convenient, and therefore more 'natural' than any other. A good illustration of the kind of distinction here in question is furnished by the common manuals of the Flora of any country or district. Take, for instance, that of Bentham. At the beginning of the work we find an elaborate classification, under the title of an Analytical Key, the sole guiding principle of which is so to arrange the plants that a person who has a specimen of one of these actually before him may be able to ascertain the name. At the end of the book we find a totally different arrangement, --the familiar alphabetical one, -- in which the determining motive is simply that a person who knows the name may be enabled to ascertain the characteristics of the plant. But the bulk of the book is of course arranged on a third, and again totally different kind of classification, of which no more compendious description can be given than that it best subserves the general purposes of study, speculative as well as practical, of the objects in question. Each of these arrangements is, in the strictest sense, what we must understand as a.







PRINCIPLES OF EMPIRICAL OR IND


Book Description

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The Principles of Empirical or Inductive Logic


Book Description

Excerpt from The Principles of Empirical or Inductive Logic This work contains the substance of Lectures delivered during J-a number of years in Cambridge; at first to members of my own College, and afterwards to students generally in the University. Although the main outlines were sketched long ago, and a large portion of the materials had been delivered for several years in nearly the form now presented, the chapters here offered to the reader have been throughout written out afresh for the present occasion. As many readers will probably perceive, the main original guiding influence with me, - as with most of those of the middle generation, and especially with most of those who approached Logic with a previous mathematical or scientific training, - was that of Mill. But, as they may also perceive, this influence has subsequently generated the relation of criticism and divergence quite as much as that of acceptance; though I still continue to regard the general attitude towards phenomena, which Mill took up as a logician, to be the soundest and most useful for scientific study. This attitude of the scientific logician, as I conceive arid interpret it, has been so fully explained in the introductory chapter, that I need only say that it is based upon that fundamental Duality in accordance with which it becomes the function of the logician to reduce to order, to interpret, and to forecast the complex of external objects which we call the phenomenal world. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.




An Aristotelian Account of Induction


Book Description

In An Aristotelian Account of Induction Groarke discusses the intellectual process through which we access the "first principles" of human thought - the most basic concepts, the laws of logic, the universal claims of science and metaphysics, and the deepest moral truths. Following Aristotle and others, Groarke situates the first stirrings of human understanding in a creative capacity for discernment that precedes knowledge, even logic. Relying on a new historical study of philosophical theories of inductive reasoning from Aristotle to the twenty-first century, Groarke explains how Aristotle offers a viable solution to the so-called problem of induction, while offering new contributions to contemporary accounts of reasoning and argument and challenging the conventional wisdom about induction.




John Dewey's Later Logical Theory


Book Description

By 1916, Dewey had written two volumes on logical theory. Yet, in light of what he would write in his 1938 Logic: The Theory of Inquiry, much remained to be done. Dewey did not yet have an adequate account of experience suitable to explain how our immediate experiencing becomes the material for logical sequences, series, and causal relations. Nor did he have a refined account of judging, propositions, and conceptions. Above all, his theory of continuity—central to all of his logical endeavors—was rudimentary. The years 1916–1937 saw Dewey remedy these deficiencies. We see in his published and unpublished articles, books, lecture notes and correspondence, the pursuit of a line of thinking that would lead to his magnum opus. John Dewey's Later Logical Theory follows Dewey through his path from Essays in Experimental Logic to the publication of Logic: The Theory of Inquiry, and complements James Scott Johnston's earlier volume, John Dewey's Earlier Logical Theory.




Classed List


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Inductive Logic


Book Description

Inductive reasoning is a method of reasoning in which a body of observations is considered to derive a general principle. It consists of making broad generalizations based on specific observations Inductive reasoning is distinct from deductive reasoning. If the premises are correct, the conclusion of a deductive argument is certain; in contrast, the truth of the conclusion of an inductive argument is probable, based upon the evidence given.




John Venn


Book Description

The first comprehensive history of John Venn’s life and work. John Venn (1834–1923) is remembered today as the inventor of the famous Venn diagram. The postmortem fame of the diagram has until now eclipsed Venn’s own status as one of the most accomplished logicians of his day. Praised by John Stuart Mill as a “highly successful thinker” with much “power of original thought,” Venn had a profound influence on nineteenth-century scientists and philosophers, ranging from Mill and Francis Galton to Lewis Carroll and Charles Sanders Peirce. Venn was heir to a clerical Evangelical dynasty, but religious doubts led him to resign Holy Orders and instead focus on an academic career. He wrote influential textbooks on probability theory and logic, became a fellow of the Royal Society, and advocated alongside Henry Sidgwick for educational reform, including that of women’s higher education. Moreover, through his students, a direct line can be traced from Venn to the early analytic philosophy of G. E. Moore and Bertrand Russell, and family ties connect him to the famous Bloomsbury group. This essential book takes readers on Venn’s journey from Evangelical son to Cambridge don to explore his life and work in context. Drawing on Venn’s key writings and correspondence, published and unpublished, Lukas M. Verburgt unearths the legacy of the logician’s wide-ranging thinking while offering perspective on broader themes in religion, science, and the university in Victorian Britain. The rich picture that emerges of Venn, the person, is of a man with many sympathies—sometimes mutually reinforcing and at other times outwardly and inwardly contradictory.