Principles of Induced Polarization for Geophysical Exploration


Book Description

Developments in Economic Geology, 5: Principles of Induced Polarization for Geophysical Exploration focuses on the principles, methodologies, and approaches involved in induced polarization (IP), including anisotropism, electromagnetic coupling, and electrical circuits. The book first takes a look at resistivity principles, theory of IP, and laboratory work in IP. Concerns cover electrical measurements of rocks, anisotropism, early part of decay curve and the comparison with frequency effects, electrical models of induced polarization, electrical polarization, resistivities of earth materials, and resistivity exploration methods. The manuscript then elaborates on IP field equipment, telluric noise and electromagnetic coupling, IP field surveying, and drill-hole and underground surveying and the negative IP effect. Discussions focus on differences between surface and subsurface methods, current-sending system in the field, telluric (earth) currents, electromagnetic coupling, design considerations, coupling of electrical circuits, design considerations, and signal-generating system. The manuscript ponders on the complex-resistivity method and interpretation of induced-polarization data, including grade estimation of mineralization using the IP method, complex-resistivity survey, signal detection capabilities of the complex-resistivity method, and disadvantages of the complex-resistivity method. The text is a valuable source of information for researchers wanting to study induced polarization.




Resistivity and Induced Polarization


Book Description

A comprehensive text on resistivity and induced polarization covering theory and practice for the near-surface Earth supported by modelling software.




An Introduction to Geophysical Exploration


Book Description

This new edition of the well-established Kearey and Brooks text is fully updated to reflect the important developments in geophysical methods since the production of the previous edition. The broad scope of previous editions is maintained, with even greater clarity of explanations from the revised text and extensively revised figures. Each of the major geophysical methods is treated systematically developing the theory behind the method and detailing the instrumentation, field data acquisition techniques, data processing and interpretation methods. The practical application of each method to such diverse exploration applications as petroleum, groundwater, engineering, environmental and forensic is shown by case histories. The mathematics required in order to understand the text is purposely kept to a minimum, so the book is suitable for courses taken in geophysics by all undergraduate students. It will also be of use to postgraduate students who might wish to include geophysics in their studies and to all professional geologists who wish to discover the breadth of the subject in connection with their own work.




Applied Geophysics


Book Description

This is the completely revised and updated version of the popular and highly regarded textbook, Applied Geophysics. It describes the physical methods involved in exploration for hydrocarbons and minerals, which include gravity, magnetic, seismic, electrical, electromagnetic, radioactivity, and well-logging methods. All aspects of these methods are described, including basic theory, field equipment, techniques of data acquisition, data processing and interpretation, with the objective of locating commercial deposits of minerals, oil, and gas and determining their extent. In the fourteen years or so since the first edition of Applied Geophysics, many changes have taken place in this field, mainly as the result of new techniques, better instrumentation, and increased use of computers in the field and in the interpretation of data. The authors describe these changes in considerable detail, including improved methods of solving the inverse problem, specialized seismic methods, magnetotellurics as a practical exploration method, time-domain electromagnetic methods, increased use of gamma-ray spectrometers, and improved well-logging methods and interpretation.




Electromagnetic Methods in Applied Geophysics


Book Description

As a slag heap, the result of strip mining, creeps closer to his house in the Ohio hills, fifteen-year-old M. C. is torn between trying to get his family away and fighting for the home they love.




Principles of Applied Geophysics


Book Description

The welcome accorded to the first two editions of this book has been most encouraging. The object of the third edition continues to be to give a brief but "fairly comprehensive survey of the methods of applied geophysics including some of the modern interpretation techniques. The general approach and plan of the previous editions are preserved, but in bringing the book up to date some changes have been made to which I would like to draw the reader's special attention. SI units are strictly adhered to except in six illustrative figures reproduced from older literature and left intact to save some extensive redraughting. Following the recommendation of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, the magnetic field measured in geophysical work is labelled here as flux density (tesla). Consequently, the symbols H, Z and T commonly used in geomagnetic work should stand for flux density. In the Max wellian theory of electromagnetism the symbol H stands, by convention, for a magnetizing force (A m -1) and a discerning reader will at once sense a source of confusion. This source of confusion is avoided in the present edition by B , B and B instead of H, Z and T. The employing the symbols b z t latter ~et is employed for the corresponding magnetizing forces of the earth's field. I hope this notation will gain general acceptance because it so easily dispenses with an ambiguity that otherwise tends to lead to unnecessary confusion of units and dimensions in geomagnetism.




Geophysical Electromagnetic Theory and Methods


Book Description

In this book the author presents the state-of-the-art electromagnetic (EM)theories and methods employed in EM geophysical exploration.The book brings together the fundamental theory of EM fields and the practicalaspects of EM exploration for mineral and energy resources.This text is unique in its breadth and completeness in providing anoverview of EM geophysical exploration technology. The book is divided into four parts covering the foundations of EMfield theory and its applications, and emerging geophysical methods.Part I is an introduction to the field theory required for baselineunderstanding. Part II is an overview of all the basic elements ofgeophysical EM theory, from Maxwell's fundamental equations to modernmethods of modeling the EM field in complex 3-D geoelectrical formations. Part III deals with the regularized solution of ill-posedinverse electromagnetic problems, the multidimensional migration and imaging ofelectromagnetic data, and general interpretation techniques. Part IV describes major geophysical electromagnetic methods—direct current (DC), induced polarization (IP), magnetotelluric(MT), and controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) methods—and covers different applications of EM methods in exploration geophysics, includingminerals and HC exploration, environmental study, and crustal study. - Presents theoretical and methodological findings, as well as examples of applications of recently developed algorithms and software in solving practical problems - Describes the practical importance of electromagnetic data through enabling discussions on a construction of a closed technological cycle, processing, analysis and three-dimensional interpretation - Updates current findings in the field, especially with MT, magnetovariational and seismo-electrical methods and the practice of 3D interpretations




Environmental Geology


Book Description

This illustrated handbook describes a broad spectrum of methods in the fields of remote sensing, geophysics, geology, hydrogeology, geochemistry, and microbiology designed to investigate landfill, mining and industrial sites. The descriptions provide information about the principle of the methods, applications and fundamentals. This handbook also deals with the stepwise procedure for investigating sites and common problems faced in efficient implementation of field operations.




The Self-Potential Method


Book Description

The self-potential method enables non-intrusive assessment and imaging of disturbances in electrical currents of conductive subsurface materials. It has an increasing number of applications, from mapping fluid flow in the subsurface of the Earth to detecting preferential flow paths in earth dams and embankments. This book provides the first full overview of the fundamental concepts of this method and its applications in the field. It discusses the historical perspective, laboratory investigations undertaken, the inverse problem and seismoelectric coupling, and concludes with the application of the self-potential method to geohazards, water resources and hydrothermal systems. Chapter exercises, online datasets and analytical software enable the reader to put the theory into practice. This book is a key reference for academic researchers and professionals working in the areas of geophysics, environmental science, hydrology and geotechnical engineering. It will also be valuable reading for related graduate courses.