Author : International Astronomical Union. Colloquium
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 378 pages
File Size : 20,69 MB
Release : 1983-04-30
Category : Gardening
ISBN : 9789027715708
Proceedings of IAU Colloquium No. 72, held in Haifa, Israel, August 9-13, 1982
Author : I. Atanasijevic
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 156 pages
File Size : 37,90 MB
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9401031118
Galactic Astronomy is, and for some time to come will certainly remain, one of the more important items in the astronomy curricula. There are at present a number of excellent text-books and monographs covering the whole subject or certain of its aspects. It seems however that there is not a single book where at least some of the more important problems dealt with in text-books and university courses would be presented in the form of laboratory exercises. This short series of exercises represents an attempt to fill this gap. What is, in general, the aim of such exercises? As to this point, the author fully agrees with Prof. Minnaert's opinion that "No natural science should ever be taught without practical work. Students in astronomy should have regular exercises, not so much to teach them observing skill, but mainly to bring before their eyes the reality of the concepts introduced during the lectures." This applies to Galactic Astronomy as well as to any other branch of our science.
Author : H. Gursky
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 447 pages
File Size : 35,41 MB
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9401017670
This book contains a set of articles based on a session of the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science held in San Francisco in February, 1974. The reason for the meeting arose from the need to communicate to the largest possible scientific community the dramatic advances which have been made in recent years in the understanding of collapsed objects: neutron stars and black holes. Thanks to an unprecedented resonance between X-ray, y-ray, radio and optical astronomy and important new theoretical developments in relativistic astro physics, a new deep understanding has been acquired of the physical processes oc curring in the late stages of evolution of stars. This knowledge may be one of the greatest conquests of man's understanding of nature in this century. This book aims to give an essential and up-to-date view in this field. The analysis of the physics and astrophysics of neutron stars and black holes is here attacked from both theoretical and experimental points of view. In the experimental field we range from the reviews and catalogues of galactic X-ray sources (R. Gursky and E. Schreier) and pulsars (E. Groth) to the observations of the optical counter part of X-ray sources (P. Boynton) to finally the recently discovered gamma-ray bursts (I. Strong) and pulse astronomy R. B. Partridge).
Author : Syun-Ichi Akasofu
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 620 pages
File Size : 26,27 MB
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9401011648
Man, through intensive observations of natural phenomena, has learned about some of the basic principles which govern nature. The aurora is one of the most fascinating of these natural phenomena, and by studying it, man has just begun to comprehend auroral phenomena in terms of basic cosmic electrodynamic processes. The systematic and extensive observation of the aurora during and after the great international enterprise, the International Geophysical Year (lGY), led to the concept of the auroral substorm. Like many other geophysical phenomena, auroral displays have a dual time (universal- and local-time) dependence when seen by a ground-based observer. Thus, it was a difficult task for single observers, rotating with the Earth once a day, to grasp a transient feature of a large-scale auroral display. Such a complexity is inevitable in studying many geophysical features, in particular the polar upper atmospheric phenomena. However, it was found that their complexity began to unfold when the concept of the auroral substorm was introduced. In a book entitled Polar and Magnetospheric Substorms, the predeces sor to this book, I tried to describe the auroral phenomena as completely as possible in terms of the concept of the auroral substorm. At that time, the first satellite observations of particles and magnetic fields during substorms were just becoming available, and it was suggested that the auroral sub storm is a manifestation of a magnetospheric phenomenon called the magnetospheric substorm.
Author : V.I. Ferronsky
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 374 pages
File Size : 42,57 MB
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 940094800X
This book sets forth and builds upon the fundamentals of the dynamics of natural systems in formulating the problem presented by Jacobi in his famous lecture series "Vorlesungen tiber Dynamik" (Jacobi, 1884). In the dynamics of systems described by models of discrete and continuous media, the many-body problem is usually solved in some approximation, or the behaviour of the medium is studied at each point of the space it occupies. Such an approach requires the system of equations of motion to be written in terms of space co-ordinates and velocities, in which case the requirements of an internal observer for a detailed description of the processes are satisfied. In the dynamics discussed here we study the time behaviour of the fundamental integral characteristics of the physical system, i. e. the Jacobi function (moment of inertia) and energy (potential, kinetic and total), which are functions of mass density distribution, and the structure of a system. This approach satisfies the requirements of an external observer. It is designed to solve the problem of global dynamics and the evolution of natural systems in which the motion of the system's individual elements written in space co-ordinates and velocities is of no interest. It is important to note that an integral approach is made to internal and external interactions of a system which results in radiation and absorption of energy. This effect constitutes the basic physical content of global dynamics and the evolution of natural systems.
Author : Zdenek Svestka
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 433 pages
File Size : 21,62 MB
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9401017425
This Catalog originated as a common enterprise of solar physicists and space scientists under the auspices of the Second Working Group of the Inter-Union Commission of Solar Terrestrial Physics (IUCSTP). It is a pleasure to acknowledge the support we received from the IUCSTP president, Dr H. Friedman, and the IUCSTPSecretary, Dr E. R. Dyer during the several years we have spent on this project. The aim of our work has been to assemble all observations of particle events from the first PCA observation in 1955 through two solar cycle maxima up to the end of 1969, in order to preserve these data from the first epoch of the space era in a concise form for use in the future. Because the techniques of observation have very much improved in the present solar cycle, there is a tendency to consider the observations before 1964 as incomplete and out-of-date; one must not forget, however, that the 19th solar cycle greatly differed from cycle No. 20 in the level of its activity, and also may have been the last cycle of strong activity for many decades to come. Therefore, the particle event observations before 1964 'should be compiled in a consistent manner for comparison with later observations, and we believe that the Catalog achieves this. The rapid development of the exploration techniques necessarily results in a significant amount of inhomogeneity in the Catalog, as increasingly smaller events were detected.
Author : H. Alfvèn
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 179 pages
File Size : 46,39 MB
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9400983743
The general background of this monograph and the aim of it is described in detail in Chapter I. As stated in 1.7 it is written according to the principle that "when rigour appears to conflict with simplicity, simplicity is given preference", which means that it is intended for a rather broad public. Not only graduate students but also advanced undergraduates should be able to understand at least most of it. This monograph is the result of many years of inspiring discussions with a number of colleagues, for which I want to thank them very much. Especially I should mention the groups in Stockholm and La Jolla: in Stockholm, Dr Carl-Gunne Flilthammar and many of his collaborators, including Drs Lars Block, Per Carlqvist, Lennart lindberg, Michael Raadu, Staffan Torven, Miroslav Babic, and Itlgvar Axniis, and further, Drs Bo Lehnert and Bjorn Bonnevier, all at the Royal Institute of Technology. Of other col leagues in Sweden, I should mention Dr Bertel Laurent, Stockholm University, Dr Aina Elvius, The Stockholm Observatory, and Dr Bengt Hultqvist, Kiruna. In La Jolla my thanks go first of all to Dr Gustaf Arrhenius, who once invited me to La Jolla, which was the start of a most interesting collaboration; further, to Dr W.B.
Author : Jean-Claude Pecker
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 132 pages
File Size : 26,47 MB
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 940103320X
Le ciel est, par-dessus le toit, The sky is, up above the roof, Si bleu, si calme! So blue, so calm! Un arbre, par-dessus Je toit, A tree there, up above the roof, Berce sa palme. Waves leaves of palm. La cloche, dans le ciel qu'on voit, A church bell, in the sky I see, Doucement tinte. Softly tolls. Un oiseau, sur l'arbre qu'on voit, A bird, upon the tree I see, Chante sa plainte. Sadly calls. PAUL VERLAINE Like Verlaine, we are in prison. The prison is our Earth, "which is so pretty"; our atmosphere and its clouds, its "marvellous clouds". (You would think that Verlaine, Prevert and Baudelaire had been comparing notes!) The sky is up above the roof ... A tree there, up above the roof ... Stars in the sky, like birds ... their rays, like bells (and here we are with Apollinaire!) What we see opens the way to what we guess at; what we observe Ieads us towards the unobservable. A poem releases images, and the invisible grows big with reality. Astronomcrs are a little like poets (indirectly from the Greek 7tostco, make): they make the universe by interpreting messages, extrapolating spectra, and inventing 'models' of the cosmos or of stars - fictional constructions whose observable part constitutes only a small fraction of the whole, and which only the inductive logic of the theoretician allows us to consider as representing unique physical reality.
Author : P. Wesson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 197 pages
File Size : 47,37 MB
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9400989997
This book deals with the relationship between gravitation and elementary particle physics, and the implications of these subjects for astrophysics. There has, in recent years, been renewed interest in theories that connect up gravitation and particle physics, and in the astrophysical consequences of such theories. Some of these accounts involve a time-variation of the Newtonian gravitational parameter, G. In this respect, the present book may be regarded as a companion to my Cosmology and Geophysics (Hilger, Bristol, 1978). There is some overlap as regards the discussion of G-variability, but the emphasis in the present book is on astrophysics while the emphasis in the other one is on geophysics. The subject is a very broad one indeed, and in giving a review of it I have adopted a somewhat unorthodox way of presenting the material involved. The main reason for this is that a review of such a wide subject should aim at two levels: the level of the person who is interested in it, and the level of the person who is professionally engaged in research into it. To achieve such a two-level coverage, I have split the text up into two parts. The first part (Chapters 1-7) represents a relatively non-technical overview of the subject, while the second part (Chapters 8-11) represents a technical examination of the most important aspects of non-Einsteinian gravitational theory and its relation to astrophysics.
Author : M. Golay
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 45,77 MB
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9401021694
The material given in this 'Introduction to astronomical photometry' is the subject matter of a lecture at the University of Geneva. It is, therefore, intended for those students, physicists or mathematicians, who have completed their bachelor's degree or diploma, and are intending to work for their Ph.D. in astronomy. We assume then the elementary ideas of astrophysics, magnitude, colour index, spectral classes, luminosity classes, gradient, atmospheric extinction are already known. The student may find it useful to re-read the work of Schatzman [1], Dufay [2] and Aller [254] before embarking upon the study of this 'Introduction to astronomical photometry'. It is not our aim in this book to deal with every aspect of stellar photometry. On the contrary, we shall restriet ourselves to looking at subjects ofwhich knowledge seems to us essential for someone who has to use photometrie quantities in his astronomical research. We are, therefore, keeping the interests of the photometrie measurements user partieularly in mind. We shall only discuss very superficially the technical prob lems and reduction methods for atmospheric extinction. These problems are dealt with very clearly in Astronomical Techniques [3]; the first by A. Lallemand, H. L.
