Clinical Evaluation of Medical Devices


Book Description

The original edition of this text, Clinical Evaluation of Medical Devices: Principles and Case Studies, provided the first overview of key pr- ciples and approaches to medical device clinical trials, illustrated with a series of detailed, real-world case studies. The book is designed as a resource for clinical professionals and regulatory specialists working in the field of new medical device development and marketing. Since the first edition of this text was published in 1997, the rapid pace of inno- tion in health care technologies continues to yield exciting and important new products. The regulatory landscape has also evolved, reflecting some of the changes and needs within the medical device industry. The purpose of Clinical Evaluation of Medical Devices: Principles and Case Studies, Second Edition is to provide an updated and expanded presentation of the scientific methods and regulatory requirements applied to the study of new significant risk medical devices. The text now includes (1) new information on the requirements and process for gaining reimbursement of new products from Medicare and private insurers, with case studies of research specifically designed for this p- pose as well as health care technology assessment methods; (2) infor- tion on new statistical methodologies applied to medical device trials; and (3) all new case studies, including examples of combination pr- ucts, three-phase development models (i. e. , feasibility, FDA approval, Medicare reimbursement), and novel study designs.




Modern Methods of Clinical Investigation


Book Description

The very rapid pace of advances in biomedical research promises us a wide range of new drugs, medical devices, and clinical procedures. The extent to which these discoveries will benefit the public, however, depends in large part on the methods we choose for developing and testing them. Modern Methods of Clinical Investigation focuses on strategies for clinical evaluation and their role in uncovering the actual benefits and risks of medical innovation. Essays explore differences in our current systems for evaluating drugs, medical devices, and clinical procedures; health insurance databases as a tool for assessing treatment outcomes; the role of the medical profession, the Food and Drug Administration, and industry in stimulating the use of evaluative methods; and more. This book will be of special interest to policymakers, regulators, executives in the medical industry, clinical researchers, and physicians.




Clinical Evaluation and Investigation of Medical Devices under the new EU-Regulation


Book Description

The concept of clinical evaluation and the framework for clinical investigations have been significantly enforced within the new EU-Medical Device Regulation (MDR). This book provides in-depth and practice-oriented guidance on the systematic identification and generation of clinical data through clinical investigations and other relevant sources. It addresses the needs of all stakeholders, be it manufacturers, notified bodies or competent authorities, when they have to plan, perform or assess clinical evaluations and investigations for medical devices on the way to conformity assessment and CE marking. It is a valuable tool of qualification for clinicians and related experts when preparing for a role of a clinical evaluator in the field, either when serving any of the stakeholders or when trying to make their own involvement stand out in start-ups. spin-offs or other development projects or in counselling services.




Registries for Evaluating Patient Outcomes


Book Description

This User’s Guide is intended to support the design, implementation, analysis, interpretation, and quality evaluation of registries created to increase understanding of patient outcomes. For the purposes of this guide, a patient registry is an organized system that uses observational study methods to collect uniform data (clinical and other) to evaluate specified outcomes for a population defined by a particular disease, condition, or exposure, and that serves one or more predetermined scientific, clinical, or policy purposes. A registry database is a file (or files) derived from the registry. Although registries can serve many purposes, this guide focuses on registries created for one or more of the following purposes: to describe the natural history of disease, to determine clinical effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of health care products and services, to measure or monitor safety and harm, and/or to measure quality of care. Registries are classified according to how their populations are defined. For example, product registries include patients who have been exposed to biopharmaceutical products or medical devices. Health services registries consist of patients who have had a common procedure, clinical encounter, or hospitalization. Disease or condition registries are defined by patients having the same diagnosis, such as cystic fibrosis or heart failure. The User’s Guide was created by researchers affiliated with AHRQ’s Effective Health Care Program, particularly those who participated in AHRQ’s DEcIDE (Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions About Effectiveness) program. Chapters were subject to multiple internal and external independent reviews.




Rare Diseases and Orphan Products


Book Description

Rare diseases collectively affect millions of Americans of all ages, but developing drugs and medical devices to prevent, diagnose, and treat these conditions is challenging. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends implementing an integrated national strategy to promote rare diseases research and product development.




Personalized Medicine in Healthcare Systems


Book Description

This book gathers scientific contributions on comprehensive approaches to personalized medicine. In a systematic and clear manner, it provides extensive information on the methodological, technological, and clinical aspects of high-throughput analytics, nanotechnology approaches, microbiota/human interactions, in-vitro fertilization and preimplantation, and various diseases like cancer.Moreover, the book analyzes the social and legal aspects of social security systems, healthcare systems and EU law – e.g. the role of solidarity, regulatory possibilities and obstacles, justice and equality, privacy/disclosure of data, and the right to know – from an interdisciplinary perspective. Lastly, it explores the economical and ethical context in the fields of business models, intellectual property issues, the patient/physician relationship, and price discrimination.




Public Health Effectiveness of the FDA 510(k) Clearance Process


Book Description

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for assuring that medical devices are safe and effective before they go on the market. As part of its assessment of FDA's premarket clearance process for medical devices, the IOM held a workshop June 14-15 to discuss how to best balance patient safety and technological innovation. This document summarizes the workshop.




The Changing Economics of Medical Technology


Book Description

Americans praise medical technology for saving lives and improving health. Yet, new technology is often cited as a key factor in skyrocketing medical costs. This volume, second in the Medical Innovation at the Crossroads series, examines how economic incentives for innovation are changing and what that means for the future of health care. Up-to-date with a wide variety of examples and case studies, this book explores how payment, patent, and regulatory policiesâ€"as well as the involvement of numerous government agenciesâ€"affect the introduction and use of new pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and surgical procedures. The volume also includes detailed comparisons of policies and patterns of technological innovation in Western Europe and Japan. This fact-filled and practical book will be of interest to economists, policymakers, health administrators, health care practitioners, and the concerned public.




Innovation and Invention in Medical Devices


Book Description

The objective of the workshop that is the subject of this summary report was to present the challenges and opportunities for medical devices as perceived by the key stakeholders in the field. The agenda, and hence the summaries of the presentations that were made in the workshop and which are presented in this summary report, was organized to first examine the nature of innovation in the field and the social and economic infrastructure that supports such innovation. The next objective was to identify and discuss the greatest unmet clinical needs, with a futuristic view of technologies that might meet those needs. And finally, consideration was given to the barriers to the application of new technologies to meet clinical needs.




Evolution of Translational Omics


Book Description

Technologies collectively called omics enable simultaneous measurement of an enormous number of biomolecules; for example, genomics investigates thousands of DNA sequences, and proteomics examines large numbers of proteins. Scientists are using these technologies to develop innovative tests to detect disease and to predict a patient's likelihood of responding to specific drugs. Following a recent case involving premature use of omics-based tests in cancer clinical trials at Duke University, the NCI requested that the IOM establish a committee to recommend ways to strengthen omics-based test development and evaluation. This report identifies best practices to enhance development, evaluation, and translation of omics-based tests while simultaneously reinforcing steps to ensure that these tests are appropriately assessed for scientific validity before they are used to guide patient treatment in clinical trials.