› › Procyclical Behavior Of Institutional Investors During The Recent Financial Crisis

Procyclical Behavior of Institutional Investors During the Recent Financial Crisis

Author : Mr.Michael G Papaioannou

Publisher : International Monetary Fund

Page : 53 pages

File Size : 15,17 MB

Release : 2013-09-11

Category : Business & Economics

ISBN : 1484375556

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Book Description

This paper (i) provides evidence on the procyclical investment behavior of major institutional investors during the global financial crisis; (ii) identifies the main factors that could account for such behavior; (iii) discusses the implications of procyclical behavior; and (iv) proposes a framework for sound investment practices for long-term investors. Such procyclical investment behavior is understandable and may be considered rational from an individual institution’s perspective. However, our main conclusion is that behaving in a manner consistent with longterm investing would lead to better long-term, risk-adjusted returns and, importantly, could lessen the potential adverse effects of the procyclical investment behavior of institutional investors on global financial stability.



Financial Crises Explanations, Types, and Implications

Author : Mr.Stijn Claessens

Publisher : International Monetary Fund

Page : 66 pages

File Size : 48,68 MB

Release : 2013-01-30

Category : Business & Economics

ISBN : 1475561008

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Book Description

This paper reviews the literature on financial crises focusing on three specific aspects. First, what are the main factors explaining financial crises? Since many theories on the sources of financial crises highlight the importance of sharp fluctuations in asset and credit markets, the paper briefly reviews theoretical and empirical studies on developments in these markets around financial crises. Second, what are the major types of financial crises? The paper focuses on the main theoretical and empirical explanations of four types of financial crises—currency crises, sudden stops, debt crises, and banking crises—and presents a survey of the literature that attempts to identify these episodes. Third, what are the real and financial sector implications of crises? The paper briefly reviews the short- and medium-run implications of crises for the real economy and financial sector. It concludes with a summary of the main lessons from the literature and future research directions.



Push Factors and Capital Flows to Emerging Markets

Author : Mr.Eugenio Cerutti

Publisher : International Monetary Fund

Page : 43 pages

File Size : 50,77 MB

Release : 2015-06-22

Category : Business & Economics

ISBN : 1513526634

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Book Description

This paper analyzes the behavior of gross capital inflows across 34 emerging markets (EMs). We first confirm that aggregate inflows to EMs co-move considerably. We then report three findings: (i) the aggregate co-movement conceals significant heterogeneity across asset types as only bank-related and portfolio bond and equity inflows do co-move; (ii) while global push factors in advanced economies mostly explain the common dynamics, their relative importance varies by type of flow; and (iii) the sensitivity to common dynamics varies significantly across borrower countries, with market structure characteristics (especially the composition of the foreign investor base and the level of liquidity) rather than borrower country’s institutional fundamentals strongly affecting sensitivities. Countries relying more on international funds and global banks are found to be more sensitive to push factors. Our findings suggest that EMs need to closely monitor their lenders and investors to assess their inflow exposures to global push factors.



Procyclicality in Central Bank Reserve Management

Author : Jukka Pihlman

Publisher : International Monetary Fund

Page : 29 pages

File Size : 11,78 MB

Release : 2010-06-01

Category : Business & Economics

ISBN : 1455201332

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Book Description

A decade-long diversification of official reserves into riskier investments came to an abrupt end at the beginning of the global financial crisis, when many central bank reserve managers started to withdraw their deposits from the banking sector in an apparent flight to quality and safety. We estimate that reserve managers pulled around US$500 billion of deposits and other investments from the banking sector. Although clearly not the main cause, this procyclical investment behavior is likely to have contributed to the funding problems of the banking sector, which required offsetting measures by other central banks such as the Federal Reserve and Eurosystem central banks. The behavior highlights a potential conflict between the reserve management and financial stability mandates of central banks. This paper analyzes reserve managers’ actions during the crisis and draws some lessons for strategic asset allocation of reserves going forward.



The Regulatory Responses to the Global Financial Crisis

Author : Mr.Stijn Claessens

Publisher : International Monetary Fund

Page : 39 pages

File Size : 41,75 MB

Release : 2014-03-14

Category : Business & Economics

ISBN : 1484336658

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Book Description

We identify current challenges for creating stable, yet efficient financial systems using lessons from recent and past crises. Reforms need to start from three tenets: adopting a system-wide perspective explicitly aimed at addressing market failures; understanding and incorporating into regulations agents’ incentives so as to align them better with societies’ goals; and acknowledging that risks of crises will always remain, in part due to (unknown) unknowns – be they tipping points, fault lines, or spillovers. Corresponding to these three tenets, specific areas for further reforms are identified. Policy makers need to resist, however, fine-tuning regulations: a “do not harm” approach is often preferable. And as risks will remain, crisis management needs to be made an integral part of system design, not relegated to improvisation after the fact.



Global Financial Stability Report, April 2014

Author : International Monetary Fund

Publisher : International Monetary Fund

Page : 184 pages

File Size : 39,97 MB

Release : 2014-04-09

Category : Business & Economics

ISBN : 1475577664

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Book Description

The April 2014 Global Financial Stability Report finds that, despite much progress, the global financial system remains in a transitional period with stability conditions far from normal. Advanced and emerging market economies alike need to make a successful shift from liquidity- to growth-driven markets, which will require a number of elements, including a normalization of U.S. monetary policy; financial rebalancing in emerging markets; further progress in the euro area integration; and continued implementation of “Abenomics” in Japan. This report also examines how changes in the investor base and financial deepening affect emerging market economies as well as looks at the issue of banks considered too important to fail, providing new estimates of the implicit funding subsidy these banks receive.



Institutionalizing Countercyclical Investment

Author : Bradley Jones

Publisher : International Monetary Fund

Page : 43 pages

File Size : 27,57 MB

Release : 2016-02-29

Category : Business & Economics

ISBN : 1513512498

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Book Description

Do portfolio shifts by the world’s largest asset owners respond procyclically to past returns, or countercyclically to valuations? And if countercyclical investment (with both market-stabilizing and return-generating properties) is a public and private good, how might asset owners be empowered to do more of it? These two questions motivate this study. Based on analysis of representative portfolios (totaling $24 trillion) for a range of asset owners (central banks, pension funds, insurers and endowments), portfolio changes typically appear procyclical. In response, I suggest a framework aimed at jointly bolstering long-term returns and financial stability should: (i) embed governance practices to mitigate ‘multi-year return chasing;’ (ii) rebalance to benchmarks with factor exposures best suited to long-term investors; (iii) minimize principal-agent frictions; (iv) calibrate risk management to minimize long-term shortfall risk (not short-term price volatility); and (v) ensure regulatory conventions do not amplify procyclicality at the worst possible times.



Central and Commercial Bank Balance Sheet Risk Before, During, and After the Global Financial Crisis

Author : Joseph Crowley

Publisher : International Monetary Fund

Page : 54 pages

File Size : 48,77 MB

Release : 2015-02-27

Category : Business & Economics

ISBN : 1484327063

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Book Description

This paper presents an overview of exposures in the balance sheets of central banks, banks, and other depository institutions during the past decade, with emphasis on asset growth and currency composition. It exploits the IMF’s SRF-based monetary data to show: (i) there was a widely observed buildup of assets prior to the global financial crisis, but there has been no significant reduction in its wake; (ii) the foreign currency composition of the balance sheets of banks and other depository institutions remained remarkably constant in spite of the crisis, significant changes in the composition of balance sheets, and globalization, and does not seem to have been significantly influenced by the behavior of exchange rates; and (iii) exposure to households increased prior to the crisis, but this increased risk was offset by increased capitalization.



The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive

Author : Dirk Zetzsche

Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.

Page : 1042 pages

File Size : 23,44 MB

Release : 2020-09-17

Category : Law

ISBN : 9403509155

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Book Description

In the ten years since its coming into force, the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (AIFMD), with almost EUR 7 trillion assets under management in its remit, has become an important piece of European regulation complementing the Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities (UCITS) and the Markets in Financial Instruments (MiFI) frameworks. This third edition of the most comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the AIFMD and its related European investment fund legislation (including the European Venture Capital Fund Regulation, the European Social Entrepreneurship Fund Regulation, the European Long-Term Investment Fund Regulation and the European Money Market Fund Regulation among others) brings together fund industry experts, fund supervisors, consultants, lawyers and academics to discuss the content and system of the directive from every angle, including its relation not only to the UCITS and MiFI frameworks but also to pension funds, the Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation, the Securitization Regulation and the Cross Border Funds Distribution Directive and Regulation, as well as related pieces of tax regulation at the European level. Further, the third edition emphasizes the function of such factors in the financial services value chain as the following: the AIFMD’s approach to robo-advisors; digital asset funds; infrastructure investments in the context of real estate and sustainable investments; risk management; transparency; and impact on alternative investment strategies. Five country reports, focusing on the European Union’s five most important financial centres for alternative investment funds, deal with the potential interactions among the AIFMD and the relevant laws and regulations of France, Germany, Luxembourg, Ireland and The Netherlands. This thoroughly updated edition elaborates on potential difficulties encountered when applying the directive and provides potential solutions to the problems it raises. The book is sure to be warmly welcomed by fund lawyers and consultants, investors and their counsels, fund managers, depositaries, asset managers and administrators, as well as regulators and academics in the field.



Macroprudential Banking Supervision & Monetary Policy

Author : Luca Amorello

Publisher : Springer

Page : 413 pages

File Size : 35,90 MB

Release : 2018-08-27

Category : Business & Economics

ISBN : 3319941569

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Book Description

The European experience suggests that the efforts made to achieve an efficient trade-off between monetary policy and prudential supervision ultimately failed. The severity of the global crisis have pushed central banks to explore innovative tools—within or beyond their statutory constraints—capable of restoring the smooth functioning of the financial cycle, including setting macroprudential policy instruments in the regulatory toolkit. But macroprudential and monetary policies, by sharing multiple transmission channels, may interact—and conflict—with each other. Such conflicts may represent not only an economic challenge in the pursuit of price and financial stability, but also a legal uncertainty characterizing the regulatory developments of the EU macroprudential and monetary frameworks. In analyzing the “legal interaction” between the two frameworks in the EU, this book seeks to provide evidence of the inconsistencies associated with the structural separation of macroprudential and monetary frameworks, shedding light upon the legal instruments that could reconcile any potential policy inconsistency.