Protecting Privacy through Homomorphic Encryption


Book Description

This book summarizes recent inventions, provides guidelines and recommendations, and demonstrates many practical applications of homomorphic encryption. This collection of papers represents the combined wisdom of the community of leading experts on Homomorphic Encryption. In the past 3 years, a global community consisting of researchers in academia, industry, and government, has been working closely to standardize homomorphic encryption. This is the first publication of whitepapers created by these experts that comprehensively describes the scientific inventions, presents a concrete security analysis, and broadly discusses applicable use scenarios and markets. This book also features a collection of privacy-preserving machine learning applications powered by homomorphic encryption designed by groups of top graduate students worldwide at the Private AI Bootcamp hosted by Microsoft Research. The volume aims to connect non-expert readers with this important new cryptographic technology in an accessible and actionable way. Readers who have heard good things about homomorphic encryption but are not familiar with the details will find this book full of inspiration. Readers who have preconceived biases based on out-of-date knowledge will see the recent progress made by industrial and academic pioneers on optimizing and standardizing this technology. A clear picture of how homomorphic encryption works, how to use it to solve real-world problems, and how to efficiently strengthen privacy protection, will naturally become clear.




An Enhanced Homomorphic Encryption Model for Preserving Privacy in Clouds


Book Description

"An Enhanced Homomorphic Encryption Model for Preserving Privacy in Clouds" is a comprehensive and innovative book that explores the application of enhanced homomorphic encryption techniques to safeguard privacy in cloud computing environments. Authored by experts in the field, this book serves as a valuable resource for researchers, professionals, and practitioners interested in leveraging advanced encryption methods to protect sensitive data while harnessing the benefits of cloud computing. In this book, the authors delve into the critical need for privacy preservation in cloud computing, where data is outsourced to remote servers. They introduce an enhanced homomorphic encryption model that enables computations on encrypted data, allowing secure and privacy-preserving data processing in cloud environments. The book covers various aspects of the enhanced homomorphic encryption model, including its theoretical foundations, implementation considerations, and practical applications. Key topics covered in this book include: Privacy challenges in cloud computing: The authors provide a comprehensive overview of the privacy concerns associated with cloud computing, including data leakage, unauthorized access, and privacy breaches. They highlight the need for encryption techniques that allow data to remain confidential even when processed in the cloud. Homomorphic encryption fundamentals: The book offers an in-depth exploration of homomorphic encryption techniques and their applications in cloud computing. Readers gain a solid understanding of fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) and its variations, including partially homomorphic encryption (PHE) and somewhat homomorphic encryption (SHE). Enhanced homomorphic encryption model: The authors present their enhanced homomorphic encryption model that incorporates innovative approaches to improve the efficiency, scalability, and security of homomorphic encryption. They discuss techniques such as ciphertext compression, parallelization, and optimization algorithms, ensuring the practicality of the encryption model for real-world cloud computing scenarios. Secure data processing in the cloud: The book explores how the enhanced homomorphic encryption model enables secure and privacy-preserving data processing in cloud environments. It covers various applications, including secure search, data mining, machine learning, and data analytics, demonstrating how encrypted data can be utilized without compromising privacy. Performance considerations and trade-offs: The authors address the performance challenges and trade-offs associated with homomorphic encryption. They discuss factors such as computation complexity, encryption overhead, and key management, providing insights into optimizing the performance of the enhanced homomorphic encryption model. Practical implementation and case studies: The book includes practical implementation considerations and case studies that showcase the deployment and effectiveness of the enhanced homomorphic encryption model in real-world cloud computing scenarios. The case studies cover domains such as healthcare, finance, and sensitive data sharing, illustrating the practicality and benefits of the proposed model. Throughout the book, the authors provide insights, practical examples, and algorithmic explanations to facilitate a deep understanding of the enhanced homomorphic encryption model. By leveraging the power of enhanced homomorphic encryption, "An Enhanced Homomorphic Encryption Model for Preserving Privacy in Clouds" equips its readers with the knowledge and tools necessary to protect sensitive data, preserve privacy, and enable secure cloud-based computations.




Fully Homomorphic Encryption in Real World Applications


Book Description

This book explores the latest developments in fully homomorphic encryption (FHE), an effective means of performing arbitrary operations on encrypted data before storing it in the ‘cloud’. The book begins by addressing perennial problems like sorting and searching through FHE data, followed by a detailed discussion of the basic components of any algorithm and adapting them to handle FHE data. In turn, the book focuses on algorithms in both non-recursive and recursive versions and discusses their realizations and challenges while operating in the FHE domain on existing unencrypted processors. It highlights potential complications and proposes solutions for encrypted database design with complex queries, including the basic design details of an encrypted processor architecture to support FHE operations in real-world applications.




Learning on Private Data with Homomorphic Encryption and Differential Privacy


Book Description

Today, the growing concern of privacy issues poses a challenge to the study of sensitive data. In this thesis, we address the learning of private data in two practical scenarios. 1) It is very commonly seen that the same type of data are distributed among multiple parties, and each party has a local portion of the data. For these parties, the learning based only on their own portions of data may lead to small sample problem and generate unsatisfying results. On the other hand, privacy concerns prevent them from exchanging their data and subsequently learning global results from the union of data. In this scenario, we solve the problem with the homomorphic encryption model. Homomorphic encryption enables calculations in the cipher space, which means that some particular operations of data can be conducted even when the data are encrypted. With this technique, we design the privacy preserving solutions for four popular data analysis methods on distributed data, including the Marginal Fisher Analysis (MFA) for dimensionality reduction and classification, the Kruskal-Wallis (KW) statistical test for comparing the distributions of samples, the Markov model for sequence classification and the calculation of Fisher criterion score for informative gene selection. Our solutions allow different parties to perform the algorithms on the union of their data without revealing each party's private information. 2) The other scenario is that, the data holder wants to release some knowledge learned from the sensitive dataset without violating the privacy of individuals participated in the dataset. Although there is no need of direct data exchange in this scenario, publishing the knowledge learned from the data still exposes the participants' private information. Here we adopt the rigorous differential privacy model to protect the individuals' privacy. Specifically, if an algorithm is differentially private, the presence or absence of a data instance in the training dataset would not make much change to the output of the algorithm. In this way, from the released output of the algorithm people cannot gain much information about the individuals participated in the training dataset, and thus the individual privacy is protected. In this scenario, we develop differentially private One Class SVM (1-SVM) models for anomaly detection with theoretical proofs of the privacy and utility. The learned differentially private 1-SVM models can be released for others to perform anomaly detection without violating the privacy of individuals who participated in the training dataset.




Protecting Privacy in Video Surveillance


Book Description

Protecting Privacy in Video Surveillance offers the state of the art from leading researchers and experts in the field. This broad ranging volume discusses the topic from various technical points of view and also examines surveillance from a societal perspective. A comprehensive introduction carefully guides the reader through the collection of cutting-edge research and current thinking. The technical elements of the field feature topics from MERL blind vision, stealth vision and privacy by de-identifying face images, to using mobile communications to assert privacy from video surveillance, and using wearable computing devices for data collection in surveillance environments. Surveillance and society is approached with discussions of security versus privacy, the rise of surveillance, and focusing on social control. This rich array of the current research in the field will be an invaluable reference for researchers, as well as graduate students.







Advances in Cryptology – CRYPTO 2023


Book Description

The five-volume set, LNCS 14081, 140825, 14083, 14084, and 14085 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 43rd Annual International Cryptology Conference, CRYPTO 2023. The conference took place at Santa Barbara, USA, during August 19-24, 2023. The 124 full papers presented in the proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 479 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Part I: Consensus, secret sharing, and multi-party computation; Part II: Succinctness; anonymous credentials; new paradigms and foundations; Part III: Cryptanalysis; side channels; symmetric constructions; isogenies; Part IV: Faster fully homomorphic encryption; oblivious RAM; obfuscation; secure messaging; functional encryption; correlated pseudorandomness; proof systems in the discrete-logarithm setting.




Web and Big Data


Book Description




The Ethics of Cybersecurity


Book Description

This open access book provides the first comprehensive collection of papers that provide an integrative view on cybersecurity. It discusses theories, problems and solutions on the relevant ethical issues involved. This work is sorely needed in a world where cybersecurity has become indispensable to protect trust and confidence in the digital infrastructure whilst respecting fundamental values like equality, fairness, freedom, or privacy. The book has a strong practical focus as it includes case studies outlining ethical issues in cybersecurity and presenting guidelines and other measures to tackle those issues. It is thus not only relevant for academics but also for practitioners in cybersecurity such as providers of security software, governmental CERTs or Chief Security Officers in companies.




Biometrics and Cryptography


Book Description

Cryptography has crept into everything, from Web browsers and e-mail programs to cell phones, bank cards, and cars. Shortly, we will see many new exciting applications for cryptography such as radio frequency identification (RFID) tags for anti-counterfeiting. As a consequence of the pervasiveness of crypto algorithms, an increasing number of people must understand how they work and how they can be applied in practice. This book addresses this issue by providing a comprehensive introduction to modern applied cryptography that is equally suited for students and practitioners in industry. Much of the focus is on practical relevance by introducing most crypto algorithms that are used in modern real-world applications. In addition to crypto algorithms, attention is also given to important cryptographic protocols, modes of operation, security services, and key establishment techniques. Timely topics include lightweight ciphers, which are optimized for constrained applications. In today’s fast-paced world, security and convenience are paramount. Biometrics, the science of identifying individuals based on their unique physical or behavioral traits, offers a solution that is both secure and convenient. From fingerprint scanners on smartphones to facial recognition software at airports, biometrics is rapidly becoming an integral part of our daily lives. But what exactly is biometrics, and how does it work? This book delves into the fascinating world of biometrics, exploring its history, applications, and the latest technological advancements. You’ll discover how biometrics can be used to verify identity, control access, and even detect fraud. Whether you’re a security professional, a technology enthusiast, or simply curious about the future of personal identification, this book is for you.