The Geological Record of Neoproterozoic Glaciations


Book Description

In recent years, interest in Neoproterozoic glaciations has grown as their pivotal role in Earth system evolution has become increasingly clear. One of the main goals of the IGCP Project number 512 was to produce a synthesis of newly available information on Neoproterozoic successions worldwide. This Memoir consists of a series of overview chapters followed by site-specific chapters. The overviews cover key topics including the history of research on Neoproterozoic glaciations, identification of glacial deposits, chemostratigraphic techniques and datasets, palaeomagnetism, biostratigraphy, geochronology and climate modelling. The site specific chapters include reviews of the history of research on these rocks and up-to-date syntheses of the structural framework, tectonic setting, palaeomagnetic & geochronological constraints, physical, biological, and chemical stratigraphy, and descriptions of the glaciogenic and associated strata, including economic deposits.







Mineral Deposits and Earth Evolution


Book Description

Mineral deposits are not only primary sources of wealth generation, but also act as windows through which to view the evolution and interrelationships of the Earth system. Deposits formed throughout the last 3.8 billion years of the Earth's history preserve key evidence with which to test fundamental questions about the evolution of the Earth. These include: the nature of early magmatic and tectonic processes, supercontinent reconstructions, the state of the atmosphere and hydrosphere with time, and the emergence and development of life. The interlinking processes that form mineral deposits have always sat at the heart of the Earth system and the potential for using deposits as tools to understand that evolving system over geological time is increasingly recognized. This volume contains research aimed both at understanding the origins of mineral deposits and at using mineral deposits as tools to explore different long-term Earth processes.




Namibia


Book Description

Prepared by the US Bureau of Mines with the purpose of providing the latest available data and information on mining and mineral resources in Namibia, this is a well-informed and useful reference work. The study covers regional geology, the history of exploitation, mining policies and legislation, production (including detailed tables on production and reserves 1970-1981) as well as water resources, energy supply, labour and transport. It argues that uranium has the greatest potential for long-term growth, and that elsewhere a pattern of diminishing ore reserves in the metals and to a lesser extent diamonds suggests a declining resource base. Shortages of water supplies, lack of artisans and skilled labour and "the unresolved international dispute"are identified as constraints to future growth in Namibia's mining industry. There is a chapter outlining the main features of mining legislation, and a lengthy, mainly technical bibliography listing close to 200 items. As a technical and economic surveyrelying heavily on information provided by the mining companies themselves, the study has considerable value. As a guide to the political economy of Namibia, it is, however, quite misleading. The UN Decree No. 1 of 1974 is not mentioned at all, while two decades of worker organization, liberation struggle and harsh colonial repression are dismissed in the assertion that "differences among worker languages and interests have inhibited the formation of a uniform political party or union". The study is notably weak on labour and social conditions, wages and labour legislation. For up-to-date information along the same lines, see Bureau of Mines Minerals Yearbook, vol. III: Area Reports: International, which contains a chapter on the mineral industry of Namibia. (Eriksen/Moorsom 1989).







Permian-Triassic Pangean Basins and Foldbelts Along the Panthalassan Margin of Gondwanaland


Book Description

This volume summarizes the current state of knowledge of each of the main sectors of the basin. After reconstructing Permian-Triassic Gondwanaland, authors from South America, South Africa, Antarctica, and Australia illustrate the relevant geology of each sector in maps and time-space diagrams under







The History of Geophysics in Southern Africa


Book Description

Geophysics is a comparatively young science which only evolved as a distinct discipline during the 19th century. However, its phenomena (like earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions and lightning) had been objects of fear, curiosity and speculation since ancient times. In this book, Johan de Beer and his research team reveal that geophysical activity in South Africa can be traced back to as early as 1488. This is a truly astonishing revelation which deserves to be firmly entrenched as part of the country?s proud history. The book also discusses the history and formation of South African geophysical institutions that made a huge and seldom acknowledged contribution to the technological development of southern Africa.