Teaching Machines


Book Description

How ed tech was born: Twentieth-century teaching machines--from Sidney Pressey's mechanized test-giver to B. F. Skinner's behaviorist bell-ringing box. Contrary to popular belief, ed tech did not begin with videos on the internet. The idea of technology that would allow students to "go at their own pace" did not originate in Silicon Valley. In Teaching Machines, education writer Audrey Watters offers a lively history of predigital educational technology, from Sidney Pressey's mechanized positive-reinforcement provider to B. F. Skinner's behaviorist bell-ringing box. Watters shows that these machines and the pedagogy that accompanied them sprang from ideas--bite-sized content, individualized instruction--that had legs and were later picked up by textbook publishers and early advocates for computerized learning. Watters pays particular attention to the role of the media--newspapers, magazines, television, and film--in shaping people's perceptions of teaching machines as well as the psychological theories underpinning them. She considers these machines in the context of education reform, the political reverberations of Sputnik, and the rise of the testing and textbook industries. She chronicles Skinner's attempts to bring his teaching machines to market, culminating in the famous behaviorist's efforts to launch Didak 101, the "pre-verbal" machine that taught spelling. (Alternate names proposed by Skinner include "Autodidak," "Instructomat," and "Autostructor.") Telling these somewhat cautionary tales, Watters challenges what she calls "the teleology of ed tech"--the idea that not only is computerized education inevitable, but technological progress is the sole driver of events.




Teachers and Machines


Book Description

“Will undoubtedly be cited in the future as the major source on the history of technology and teaching in the classroom.” —History of Education Quarterly “Through Cuban’s work we can develop an understanding for how teachers define their jobs in ways that outside innovators have never appreciated. His work thus contributes a much needed vision from within.” —Educational Policy




Radio in Education


Book Description




Transactional Radio Instruction


Book Description

This book offers an important addition to the growing literature on education in emergencies. In war situations or in the wake of natural disasters, children’s education is often significantly disrupted. This book demonstrates how the authors used radio and mobile technologies to improve educational outcomes for over 20,000 displaced and out-of-school children in northeast Nigeria at the height of the Boko Haram insurgency. Interactive Radio Instruction (IRI) programs typically interact with a functional classroom teacher. However, the transactional radio instruction strategy presented provides high-quality, safe, and sensitive education in war-torn societies, where there are no schools or teachers. Summarizing the research and lessons learned from a USAID-funded Technology Enhanced Learning for All (TELA) project in Boko Haram-ravaged northeast Nigeria, the book describes in detail an education-in-emergency strategy based on a “whole of community” approach, with radio and mobile tablets at its core.







The One World Schoolhouse


Book Description

A free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere: this is the goal of the Khan Academy, a passion project that grew from an ex-engineer and hedge funder's online tutoring sessions with his niece, who was struggling with algebra, into a worldwide phenomenon. Today millions of students, parents, and teachers use the Khan Academy's free videos and software, which have expanded to encompass nearly every conceivable subject; and Academy techniques are being employed with exciting results in a growing number of classrooms around the globe. Like many innovators, Khan rethinks existing assumptions and imagines what education could be if freed from them. And his core idea-liberating teachers from lecturing and state-mandated calendars and opening up class time for truly human interaction-has become his life's passion. Schools seek his advice about connecting to students in a digital age, and people of all ages and backgrounds flock to the site to utilize this fresh approach to learning. In The One World Schoolhouse, Khan presents his radical vision for the future of education, as well as his own remarkable story, for the first time. In these pages, you will discover, among other things: How both students and teachers are being bound by a broken top-down model invented in Prussia two centuries ago Why technology will make classrooms more human and teachers more important How and why we can afford to pay educators the same as other professionals/DIV How we can bring creativity and true human interactivity back to learning/DIV Why we should be very optimistic about the future of learning. Parents and politicians routinely bemoan the state of our education system. Statistics suggest we've fallen behind the rest of the world in literacy, math, and sciences. With a shrewd reading of history, Khan explains how this crisis presented itself, and why a return to "mastery learning," abandoned in the twentieth century and ingeniously revived by tools like the Khan Academy, could offer the best opportunity to level the playing field, and to give all of our children a world-class education now. More than just a solution, The One World Schoolhouse serves as a call for free, universal, global education, and an explanation of how Khan's simple yet revolutionary thinking can help achieve this inspiring goal.




The Flickering Mind


Book Description

The Flickering Mind, by National Magazine Award winner Todd Oppenheimer, is a landmark account of the failure of technology to improve our schools and a call for renewed emphasis on what really works. American education faces an unusual moment of crisis. For decades, our schools have been beaten down by a series of curriculum fads, empty crusades for reform, and stingy funding. Now education and political leaders have offered their biggest and most expensive promise ever—the miracle of computers and the Internet—at a cost of approximately $70 billion just during the decade of the 1990s. Computer technology has become so prevalent that it is transforming nearly every corner of the academic world, from our efforts to close the gap between rich and poor, to our hopes for school reform, to our basic methods of developing the human imagination. Technology is also recasting the relationships that schools strike with the business community, changing public beliefs about the demands of tomorrow’s working world, and reframing the nation’s systems for researching, testing, and evaluating achievement. All this change has led to a culture of the flickering mind, and a generation teetering between two possible futures. In one, youngsters have a chance to become confident masters of the tools of their day, to better address the problems of tomorrow. Alternatively, they can become victims of commercial novelties and narrow measures of ability, underscored by misplaced faith in standardized testing. At this point, America’s students can’t even make a fair choice. They are an increasingly distracted lot. Their ability to reason, to listen, to feel empathy, is quite literally flickering. Computers and their attendant technologies did not cause all these problems, but they are quietly accelerating them. In this authoritative and impassioned account of the state of education in America, Todd Oppenheimer shows why it does not have to be this way. Oppenheimer visited dozens of schools nationwide—public and private, urban and rural—to present the compelling tales that frame this book. He consulted with experts, read volumes of studies, and came to strong and persuasive conclusions: that the essentials of learning have been gradually forgotten and that they matter much more than the novelties of technology. He argues that every time we computerize a science class or shut down a music program to pay for new hardware, we lose sight of what our priority should be: “enlightened basics.” Broad in scope and investigative in treatment, The Flickering Mind will not only contribute to a vital public conversation about what our schools can and should be—it will define the debate.




Walter Benjamin's Antifascist Education


Book Description

A comprehensive study of education in the writings of Walter Benjamin. Walter Benjamin’s Antifascist Education is the first comprehensive analysis of educational themes across the entirety of the critical theorist’s diverse writings. Starting with Benjamin’s early reflections on teaching and learning, Tyson E. Lewis argues that the aesthetic and cultural forms to which Benjamin so often turned—namely, radio broadcasts, children’s theatrical productions, collections, cityscapes, public cinemas, and word games—swell with educational potentialities. What emerges from Lewis’s reading is a constellational curriculum composed of minor practices such as poor teaching, absentminded learning, and nondurational studying. This curriculum carries political significance, offering an antidote to past and present forms of fascist manipulation, hardness, and coldness. Walter Benjamin’s Antifascist Education is a testimony to Benjamin’s belief that “everyone is an educator and everyone needs to be educated and everything is education.” “Taking up the multifaceted Benjaminian conception of educational life—a life of studious straying and self-reflection at once critical and mimetic—and following its untoward trajectory in object areas as diverse as slapstick film, riddles, cityscapes, and children’s theater, this subtle, imaginative, and comprehensive analysis speaks directly to the moral and spiritual crisis of the present.” — Howard Eiland, Massachusetts Institute of Technology




Radio Systems Engineering


Book Description

Using a systems framework, this textbook clearly explains how individual elements contribute to the overall performance of a radio system.




Drop that Knowledge


Book Description

_Drop That Knowledge is a profound contribution to our understanding of contemporary youth. The authors craft an elegant and energetic narrative that is incisive and inspiring. This is an important work!__Sam M. Intrator, Smith College, co-director of Project Coach "Drop That Knowledge is a landmark contribution to our understanding of media and youth movements in the US. It's at the cutting-edge in telling the story of how young people are creating breadth and depth of diversity in the broadcast, cable, and satellite media. Innovative and engaging!" _Toby Miller, author of Makeover Nation: The United States of Reinvention _Drop That Knowledge draws deftly on the words, ideas, and passions of the young people it studies, locating them within broader contexts of contemporary education, policing and the media. This book is well written and full of accessible, poignant and entertaining vignettes.__George Lipsitz , University of California, Santa Barbara "The phrase 'drop that knowledge' becomes title and frame for a dazzling journey through the world of Youth Radio, an 18-year-old youth development organization and independent media production company in Oakland, Calif... While too many academics pontificate about the potential of the new digital media, Soep and Chávez write without pose or posture. Their message is earthshaking." _Rick Ayers, University of California, Berkeley, and William Ayers, University of Illinois, Chicago, Rethinking Schools "...dares to declare that young people really matter, what they think matters, what they say and do matters, and we should listen up and get out of the way...Drop that Knowledge is a must-read, especially for those of us who work in public media, who are coming to recognize that young people will lead our institutions to the holy grails of both diversity and innovation." _Julie Drizin, founding producer of "Democracy Now!" and NPR's "Justice Talking" "Provides a fascinating look behind the scenes at [a] youth media education and production powerhouse. . . . While much has been written about the power of youth media, not all analyses are as thoughtful and nuanced as what Soep and Chavez present in Drop That Knowledge. This book is _not a rhetorical call to celebrate youth voice_ but a comprehensive overview of the complex issues that arise in intergenerational media production." _Katie Donnelly, American University_s Center for Social Media