Rainfall Characteristics Over Tropical and Subtropical South America
Author : Carlos Frederico De Angelis
Publisher :
Page : 217 pages
File Size : 27,53 MB
Release : 2004
Category :
ISBN :
Characteristics of rainfall and precipitation features defined by the tropical rainfall measuringmission over south america
Author :
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 45,5 MB
Release : 2003
Category :
ISBN :
Book Description
The performance of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) rainfall algorithms was investigated from December 1997 to November 2000 over South America and adjoining oceans. The Precipitation Radar (PR) and the TRMM MicrowaveImager (TMI) algorithms are compared with the rainfall estimates of the Geostationary Environmental Satellite (GOES) Precipitation Index (GPI), the gauge analysis of GlobalPrecipitation Climatology Center (GPCC), and an additional dataset (GAUGES) that includes conventional and automatic rain gauges, mainly located over Brazil. The general pattern of PR tends to have qualitative good agreement with the climatologies. However, discrepancies are observed for regional, monthly, and seasonal averages. There appears to be a tendency of PR underestimating ( -10%) large rainfall in the tropics and overestimating (18%) in the subtropics compared to GAUGES. TMI (GPI) estimates are generally high in both tropics and subtropics, where the differences from GAUGES are 13% (12%) in the tropics and 42% (21%) in the subtropics. GPCC is 4 and 6% higher than GAUGES in the tropics and subtropics, respectively. High rainfall estimated by the PR in southeast South America could be related to sampling problems, where PR overestimates rainfall from large MCSs, which contributeup to 80% of the total rainfall. Statistical tests of the confidence intervals have shown that small variations in sampling MCSs can lead to discrepancies in the rainfall estimates of PR compared to other algorithms. The characteristics of the precipitation features (PFs) and the diurnal cycle of rainfall were separated by regions to examine the regional differences in the continent and surrounding oceans. Although the largest numbers of PFs with MCSs were observed in the continental tropics, the most intense systems were observed in the Plata Basin, western Colombia, and Gulf of Panama. The diurnal cycle of rainfall over land often has a double peak, one related to an afternoon maximum of sub-MCS PFs and one related toa night-early-morning peak of MCS rain. The diurnal cycle of the rainfall from PFs with MCSs was shown to vary significantly among the regions in South America due todifferent physiographical and meteorological characteristics. Over the oceanic regions the diurnal cycle of rainfall typically has a weak morning maximum agreeing with previous studies, with the notable exception of the Gulf of Panama, which has the largest amplitude of the diurnal cycle among the regions considered. There, the large-amplitude diurnal cycle is vividly dominated by MCSs forming in the late evening and lasting until early afternoon.
Meteorology of the Southern Hemisphere
Author : David Karoly
Publisher : Springer
Page : 413 pages
File Size : 41,22 MB
Release : 2015-04-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 1935704109
Book Description
This book looks at the circulation features of the Southern Hemisphere, both for the atmosphere and oceans. It includes observational techniques based on satellites, anchored and drifting buoys, and the research carried out at research stations in the Southern Hemisphere. The book was originally published in 1972 by the American Meteorological Society. It has been revised and updated in 1999, following the expansion of research bases and the development of research in the region at the time.
The Hadley Circulation: Present, Past and Future
Author : Henry F. Diaz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 514 pages
File Size : 16,25 MB
Release : 2007-11-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 1402029446
Book Description
The book examines potentially important factors that may have affected the Hadley and Walker Circulations and evaluates changes in the Hadley Circulation and the monsoons as simulated by coupled models of past climate conditions, and predicted future conditions under an enhanced greenhouse effect. This book is meant to serve as a fundamental reference work for current and future researchers, graduate students in the atmospheric sciences and geosciences, and climate specialists involved in interdisciplinary research.
Characteristics of Rainfall and Precipitation Features Defined by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Over South America
Author : Galdino Viana Mota
Publisher :
Page : 430 pages
File Size : 29,31 MB
Release : 2003
Category : Precipitation (Meteorology)
ISBN :
Book Description
Past Climate Variability in South America and Surrounding Regions
Author : Francoise Vimeux
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 12,45 MB
Release : 2009-08-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 904812672X
Book Description
South America is a unique place where a number of past climate archives are ava- able from tropical to high latitude regions. It thus offers a unique opportunity to explore past climate variability along a latitudinal transect from the Equator to Polar regions and to study climate teleconnections. Most climate records from tropical and subtropical South America for the past 20,000 years have been interpreted as local responses to shift in the mean position and intensity of the InterTropical Conv- gence Zone due to tropical and extratropical forcings or to changes in the South American Summer Monsoon. Further South, the role of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds on global climate has been highly investigated with both paleodata and coupled climate models. However the regional response over South America during the last 20,000 years is much more variable from place to place than pre- ously thought. The factors that govern the spatial patterns of variability on millennial scale resolution are still to be understood. The question of past natural rates and ranges of climate conditions over South America is therefore of special relevance in this context since today millions of people live under climates where any changes in monsoon rainfall can lead to catastrophic consequences.
The Global Monsoon System
Author : Chih-Pei Chang
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 609 pages
File Size : 28,52 MB
Release : 2011
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9814343412
Book Description
This book presents a current review of the science of monsoon research and forecasting. The contents are based on the invited reviews presented at the World Meteorological Organization''s Fourth International Workshop on Monsoons in late 2008, with subsequent manuscripts revised from 2009 to early 2010. The book builds on the concept that the monsoons in various parts of the globe can be viewed as components of an integrated global monsoon system, while emphasizing that significant region-specific characteristics are present in individual monsoon regions. The topics covered include all major monsoon regions and time scales (mesoscale, synoptic, intraseasonal, interannual, decadal, and climate change). It is intended to provide an updated comprehensive review of the current status of knowledge, modeling capability, and future directions in the research of monsoon systems around the world.
Empirical-statistical Downscaling
Author : Rasmus E. Benestad
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 44,33 MB
Release : 2008
Category : Science
ISBN : 9812819126
Book Description
Empirical-statistical downscaling (ESD) is a method for estimating how local climatic variables are affected by large-scale climatic conditions. ESD has been applied to local climate/weather studies for years, but there are few ? if any ? textbooks on the subject. It is also anticipated that ESD will become more important and commonplace in the future, as anthropogenic global warming proceeds. Thus, a textbook on ESD will be important for next-generation climate scientists.
Encyclopedia of World Climatology
Author : John E. Oliver
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 873 pages
File Size : 25,63 MB
Release : 2008-04-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 1402032641
Book Description
Today, given the well-publicized impacts of events such as El Niño, there is an unequaled public awareness of how climate affects the quality of life and environment. Such awareness has created an increasing demand for accurate climatological information. This information is now available in one convenient, accessible source, the Encyclopedia of World Climatology. This comprehensive volume covers all the main subfields of climatology, supplies information on climates in major continental areas, and explains the intricacies of climatic processes. The level of presentation will meet the needs of specialists, university students, and educated laypersons. A successor to the 1986 Encyclopedia of Climatology, this compendium provides a clear explanation of current knowledge and research directions in modern climatology. This new encyclopedia emphasizes climatological developments that have evolved over the past twenty years. It offers more than 200 informative articles prepared by 150 experts on numerous subjects, ranging from standard areas of study to the latest research studies. The relationship between climatology and both physical and social science is fully explored, as is the significance of climate for our future well-being. The information is organized for speedy access. Entries are conveniently arranged in alphabetical order, thoroughly indexed, and cross-referenced. Every entry contains useful citations to additional source materials. The Editor John E. Oliver is Professor Emeritus at Indiana State University. He holds a B.Sc. from London University, and a MA and Ph.D from Columbia University. He taught at Columbia University and then at Indiana State where he was formerly Chair of the Geography-Geology Department, and Assoc iate Dean, College of Arts and Sciences. He has written many books and journal articles in Climatology, Applied Climatology and Physical Geography.
The Andean Cloud Forest
Author : Randall W. Myster
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 40,64 MB
Release : 2020-11-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 3030573443
Book Description
A book focused solely on Andean Cloud Forests (ACF) has never been published. ACF are high biodiversity ecosystems in the Neotropics with a large proportion of endemic species, and are important for the hydrology of entire regions. They provide water for large parts of the Amazon basin, for example. Here I take advantage of my many years working in ACF in Ecuador, to edit this book that contains the following sections: (1) ACF over space and time, (2) Hydrology, (3) Light and the Carbon cycle, (4) Soil, litter, fungi and nutrient cycling, (5) Plants, (6) Animals, and (7) Human impacts and management. Under this premise, international experts contributed chapters that consist of reviews of what is known about their topic, of what research they have done, and of what needs to be done in the future. This work is suitable for graduate students, professors, scientists, and researcher-oriented managers.
