Before The Rapine


Book Description

A mysterious creature appears in the Mandinka Kingdom of Kaabu, claiming the lives of many people. In such a highly superstitious kingdom, its appearance and claim to numerous lives leaves everyone thinking that it is not ordinary for such a creature, which their ancestors never knew to appear in the kingdom. Numo, the protagonist of the story, and his brother Arfang get lost in the forest, prompting the entire village of Passamarey to prepare an army to search for them. After being found unhurt, their mother, Manke, is severely admonished for allowing the situation to unfold, putting the lives of the entire army at risk. Years pass, and Numo and Arfang grow older. The creature continues to kill more people. One day, during a hunting expedition, Numo and his brother, along with their father, come across a stinking human carcass – a man killed and desecrated by the mysterious creature. Numo makes a resolution to kill the creature when he grows up. The following chapters depict various rituals and festivals that illustrate a typical Mandinka society before colonialism. After Numo and his brother are circumcised and initiated into manhood, circumstances change, but Numo remains resolute on killing the creature. Finally, the great marabout of the land calls upon Numo and his brother, Arfang, and reveals that they are destined to kill the creature – actually a human being who transforms into a creature as a form of vengeance against the king of Kaabu for disrespecting her. Numo and Arfang are prepared by the marabout and set off on their journey. After a long and tiresome journey, they encounter the creature and finally kill her, but on her own terms.










The Danish Medieval Laws


Book Description

The Danish medieval laws: the laws of Scania, Zealand and Jutland contains translations of the four most important medieval Danish laws written in the vernacular. The main texts are those of the Law of Scania, the two laws of Zealand – Valdemar’s and Erik’s – and the Law of Jutland, all of which date from the early thirteenth century. The Church Law of Scania and three short royal ordinances are also included. These provincial laws were first written down in the first half of the thirteenth century and were in force until 1683, when they were replaced by a national law. The laws, preserved in over 100 separate manuscripts, are the first extended texts in Danish and represent a first attempt to create a Danish legal language. The book starts with a brief but thorough introduction to the history of Denmark in the thirteenth century, covering the country, the political setting and the legal context in which the laws were written. There follows the translated text from each province, preceded by a general introduction to each area and an introduction to the translation offering key contextual information and background on the process of translating the laws. An Old Danish-English glossary is also included, along with an annotated glossary to support the reading of the translations. This book will be essential reading for students and scholars of medieval Scandinavian legal history.







Inexcusabiles: Salvation and the Virtues of the Pagans in the Early Modern Period


Book Description

This thought provoking book deals with religious scholarship and important controversies of the early modern period, specifically those relating to the question of the salvation of the pagans and the afterlife. From the Reformation, through the Renaissance and on to the seventeenth and eighteenth century, this was a time when religious scholarship was updated with the discoveries of the New World and colonial expansion. These chapters present new work, shedding light on the interplay of philosophy and theology in key thinkers such as Montaigne, Leibniz, Bayle and Spinoza, but also in less known authors such as Gianfrancesco Pico della Mirandola and Sebastian Castellio. Readers will discover analysis of the reshaping of specific theological issues, focussing on the reception of ancient philosophical traditions such as Platonism, Aristotelianism, Stoicism, Epicureanism, and scepticism. The authors investigate the relationship between the ethical models inspired by the heroes and philosophers of antiquity and the ‘new philosophy’. Above all, this book enables exploration of the ways in which discussions of the salvation and virtues of pagans intersected with the early modern reception of ancient philosophy, including a reassessment of the question of the moral status of unbelievers in the early modern period. Students and faculty working on early modern intellectual history will find that this book both inspires and enriches their knowledge. Those with an interest in Renaissance humanism, the history of early modern philosophy and science, in theology, or the history of religion will also appreciate the new contributions that it makes.













The new nation


Book Description