Rating Unsurfaced Roads


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Special Report


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Gravel Roads


Book Description

The purpose of this manual is to provide clear and helpful information for maintaining gravel roads. Very little technical help is available to small agencies that are responsible for managing these roads. Gravel road maintenance has traditionally been "more of an art than a science" and very few formal standards exist. This manual contains guidelines to help answer the questions that arise concerning gravel road maintenance such as: What is enough surface crown? What is too much? What causes corrugation? The information is as nontechnical as possible without sacrificing clear guidelines and instructions on how to do the job right.




Rating Unsurfaced Roads


Book Description

About two-thirds of the highways in the United States and 90% of all roads worldwide are unsurfaced or lightly surfaced low-volume roads. Many systems are being used to manage the maintenance of these roads. In this manual we describe a method that can help local highway agencies manage their unsurfaced roads. The result of the system is a rating for each section of road indicating how badly that section needs repairs. If you are managing unsurfaced roads, this system will help you keep your road system in good shape by identifying problem areas. Neglected problem areas can deteriorate quickly and require costly major repairs. The ratings from this system will help you decide how to divide up your maintenance budget so that you can get more for your money. An unsurfaced road is any road that does not have portland cement concrete, asphalt concrete or any other surface treatment. Some agencies consider gravel to be a surfacing material; for the purpose of this manual a gravel road in an unsurfaced road.




Development of the Unsurfaced Roads Rating Methodology


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A method for rating the surface drainage and conditions of unpaved roads has been developed, and a field manual has been prepared to assist county, municipal, military and township highway agencies in managing the maintenance of such roads. The types of distress found in unpaved roads are categorized and listed in the manual. For each type of distress listed, there is a description of the distress and the levels of severity, an illustration, and a measurement method. The manual also includes instructions on how to inspect unsurfaced road conditions, a field inspection work sheet, and a family of deduct value curves for the distress types and associated severity levels. The curves were validated using data gathered during seven field surveys throughout the United States. This report describes the development of the deduct value curves for the seven distresses identified in unsurfaced road maintenance. The development of the original curves and the adjustments after each field trip are described. The surface and drainage rating method and maintenance strategies can be used alone, or they can be adapted for use with any existing computerized pavement management system (PMS). The rating method and strategies are compatible with the PAVER PMS developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the American Public Works Association. With appropriate software modifications, an unsurfaced roads component of the PAVER PMS will be available for use, giving local highway agencies a more comprehensive roadway management system. (SDW).




The Environmental Legacy of Military Operations


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U.S. military lands are part of the public trust and the level of awareness of sustainability and land-use issues has risen significantly in recent years. Ehlen (U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center) and Harmon (U.S. Army Research Office) present 14 articles that look at the use of engineering geology principles and their applications to both military operations and environmental issues, although military operations and the environment are not always treated together. Topics include battlefield terrain evaluation, predicting fracture systems in enemy underground facilities, the geoenvironmental legacy of the Rock of Gibraltar military engineering, and erosion trends at Fort Leonard Wood. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)




Soil Survey


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