Gustave Courbet


Book Description

Child of materialism and positivism, Courbet was without a doubt one of the most complex painters of the nineteenth century. Symbolising the rejection of traditions, Courbet did not hesitate to confront the public with the truth by liberating painting of conventional rules. He became from then on the leader of pictorial realism.




Humor in Interaction


Book Description

The occasioning of self-disclosure humor / Susan M. Ervin-Tripp & Martin Lampert -- Direct address as a resource for humor / Neal R. Norrick & Claudia Bubel -- An interactional approach to irony development / Helga Kotthoff -- Multimodal and intertextual humor in the media reception situation : the case of watching football on TV / Cornelia Gerhardt -- Using humor to do masculinity at work / Stephanie Schnurr & Janet Holmes -- Boundary-marking humor : institutional, gender, and ethnic demarcation in the workplace / Bernadette Vine ... [et al.] Impolite responses to failed humor / Nancy D. Bell -- Failed humor in conversation : a double voicing analysis / Béatrice Priego-Valverde




Psychological Theory and Educational Reform


Book Description

For well over a century educational reformers have looked for a breakthrough in the sciences of psychology and pedagogy that would dramatically improve the effectiveness of schooling. This book shows why such an ambition is an illusion. Schools are institutions which attempt to balance the needs of a bureaucratic society that funds them with the personal goals, interests, hopes and ambitions of the students who enroll in them. Reform efforts attempt to realign that balance without any clear conception of how the two are related. This book offers a theoretical account of the relation between the minds of learners and the institutional structure of the school that would account both for the ways that schooling remakes minds and societies and why such institutions are resistant to change.







Say Not to Say


Book Description

This text explores the major ways in which miscommunication can be experienced in our daily life.




Histoire de la Civilisation en France


Book Description

In this seminal work of French history, François Pierre G. Guizot offers a comprehensive overview of the development of civilization in France from the Middle Ages to the 19th century. Exploring topics such as religion, politics, and art, Guizot provides a rich portrait of a complex and evolving society. His insights continue to influence scholars and historians today and make this book an essential resource for anyone interested in the history of France. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.




The Language of Jokes


Book Description

In this highly readable and thought-provoking book, Delia Chiaro explores the pragmatics of word play, using frameworks normally adopted in descriptive linguistics. Using examples from personally recorded conversations, she examines the structure of jokes, quips, riddles and asides. Chiaro explores degrees of conformity to and deviation from established conventions; the `tellability' of jokes, and the interpretative role of the listener; the creative use of puns, word play and discourse. The emphasis in her analysis is on sociocultural contexts for the production and reception of jokes, and she examines the extent to which jokes are both universal in their appeal, and specific to a particular culture.




Humor and Health Promotion


Book Description

Interest in humor has grown in recent years, especially in relation to its clinical applications. Humor helps relax, improve relationships with others, and reduce negative emotions such as anger. A person who suffers from psychological distress, can learn to open up to others through humor, to complain less, and to transform her mood in a positive way and find constructive solutions to her problems. Mix therapeutic action can help with humor change and improve the management of several diseases (both somatic and mental). Therefore, humor can play a vital role in promoting general and mental well-being. It may seem difficult to measure the health benefits of laughter, but a number of scientific studies done in a clinical setting support the benefits of humor therapy. The aim of this book is to show how humor can become a valuable tool for working in health professions.




Culture Learning


Book Description

This text explores cross-cultural awareness and intercultural communicative skills from culture-general and culture-specific perspectives. It is appropriate for language teachers, teacher trainers, counsellors, advisors, and other professionals concerned with multi-cultural issues.




The Importance of Not Being Earnest


Book Description

The thesis of this book is that neither laughter nor humor can be understood apart from the feeling that underlies them. This feeling is a mental state in which people exclude some situation from their knowledge of how the world really is, thereby inhibiting seriousness where seriousness would be counterproductive. Laughter is viewed as an expression of this feeling, and humor as a set of devices designed to trigger it because it is so pleasant and distracting. Beginning with phonetic analyses of laughter, the book examines ways in which the feeling behind the laughter is elicited by both humorous and nonhumorous situations. It discusses properties of this feeling that justify its inclusion in the repertoire of human emotions. Against this background it illustrates the creation of humor in several folklore genres and across several cultures. Finally, it reconciles this understanding with various already familiar ways of explaining humor and laughter.