Neuromorphic Olfaction


Book Description

Many advances have been made in the last decade in the understanding of the computational principles underlying olfactory system functioning. Neuromorphic Olfaction is a collaboration among European researchers who, through NEUROCHEM (Fp7-Grant Agreement Number 216916)-a challenging and innovative European-funded project-introduce novel computing p




Principles of Endocrinology and Hormone Action


Book Description

This volume provides comprehensive coverage of the current knowledge of the physiology of the endocrine system and hormone synthesis and release, transport, and action at the molecular and cellular levels. It presents essential as well as in-depth information of value to both medical students and specialists in Endocrinology, Gynecology, Pediatrics, and Internal Medicine. Although it is well established that the endocrine system regulates essential functions involved in growth, reproduction, and homeostasis, it is increasingly being recognized that this complex regulatory system comprises not only hormones secreted by the classic endocrine glands but also hormones and regulatory factors produced by many organs, and involves extensive crosstalk with the neural and immune system. At the same time, our knowledge of the molecular basis of hormone action has greatly improved. Understanding this complexity of endocrine physiology is crucial to prevent endocrine disorders, to improve the sensitivity of our diagnostic tools, and to provide the rationale for pharmacological, immunological, or genetic interventions. It is such understanding that this book is designed to foster.




Adhesion G Protein-coupled Receptors


Book Description

Latest research on Adhesion GPCRs has unearthed surprising revelations about the events that govern the signal transduction of these receptor molecules and the cellular and organ requirements for these signals. Unexpected and unprecedented findings suggest that Adhesion GPCRs constitute a group of receptors that sense mechanical stimuli and transcode them into metabotropic signals through the action of a novel activation paradigm. Interdisciplinary efforts transcending many areas of biomedical research including pharmacology, physiology, genetics, cell biology, structural biology, biochemistry and bioinformatics were necessary to unveil these fundamental properties. The scientific leaders in the field that carried this research effort have teamed up here to provide a comprehensive overview of our current understanding, how Adhesion GPCRs signal and how these receptors shape organ structure and function.




Regulation of G Protein Coupled Receptor Function and Expression


Book Description

Recent advances in molecular and cell biology enabling the cloning, expression, and mutagenesis of signal transduction proteins has prompted an explosion of knowledge in the field of receptor regulation, facilitating the discovery of new classes of regulatory proteins, and providing a basis and means for manipulating receptor function through multiple intracellular targets. This volume covers methods used to examine how the function(s) of receptors are regulated. Understanding how to regulate the function and expression of these receptors is critical in determining how to modify receptors and to translocating receptors away from the cell surface and its recycling. Individual chapters focus on specific techniques used to characterize receptors (epitope tagging, measurement and analysis of receptor phosphorylation, analysis of the kinetics of receptor desensitization, and assessment of receptor/G protein coupling); the role of regulatory proteins (receptor kinases and phosphatases, arrestins) in modulating receptor function; and the methods used to measure receptor trafficking (ligand binding, immunofluoresence) and expression (transcriptional and translational regulation). * Covers a broad range of important concepts and methodologies which are current in the study of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) * G-protein coupled receptors make up over 40% of the current pharmacological targets * Provides detailed protocols for executing various strategies and offers informed judgments as to what approaches are and aren't useful * Volume Editor, Jeffrey Benovic, is a dominant world leader in the study of receptor regulation of GPCR kinases and is highly respected in the field







Receptor-Receptor Interactions


Book Description




G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling


Book Description

This detailed volume assembles comprehensive protocols to assist with the study of structural, molecular, cell biological, and in vivo facets of GPCRs, and to enable the development of experimental tools for screening novel GPCR drugs. Sections explore the tweaking of ligands, bioluminescence and FRET approaches, specific GPCR signaling properties, as well as visualization of subcellular compartmentalization. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal reference for life scientists working in a variety of research fields including molecular pharmacology, cell and developmental biology, brain behavior and physiology, drug development and screening. Chapter 4 is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license via link.springer.com.




GPCR Signalling Complexes – Synthesis, Assembly, Trafficking and Specificity


Book Description

Main Question: G protein coupled receptors are involved in highly efficient and specific activation of signalling pathways. How do GPCR signalling complexes get assembled to generate such specificity? In order to answer this question, we need to understand how receptors and their signalling partners are synthesized, folded and quality-controlled in order to generate functional proteins. Then, we need to understand how each partner of the signalling complex is selected to join a complex, and what makes this assembly possible. GPCRs are known to be able to function as oligomers, what drives the assembly into oligomers and what will be the effects of such organization on specificity and efficacy of signal transduction. Once the receptor complexes are assembled, they need to reach different locations in the cell; what drives and controls the trafficking of GPCR signalling complexes. Finally, defects in synthesis, maturation or trafficking can alter functionality of GPCRs signalling complexes; how can we manipulate the system to make it function normally again? Pharmacological chaperones may just be part of the answer to this question.




Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules


Book Description

Biological processes are driven by complex systems of functionally interacting signaling molecules. Thus, understanding signaling molecules is essential to explain normal or pathological biological phenomena. A large body of clinical and experimental data has been accumulated over these years, albeit in fragmented state. Hence, systems biological approaches concomitant with the understanding of each molecule are ideal to delineate signaling networks/pathways involved in the biologically important processes. The control of these signaling pathways will enrich our healthier life. Currently, there are more than 30,000 genes in human genome. However, not all the proteins encoded by these genes work equally in order to maintain homeostasis. Understanding the important signaling molecules as completely as possible will significantly improve our research-based teaching and scientific capabilities. This encyclopedia presents 350 biologically important signaling molecules and the content is built on the core concepts of their functions along with early findings written by some of the world’s foremost experts. The molecules are described by recognized leaders in each molecule. The interactions of these single molecules in signal transduction networks will also be explored. This encyclopedia marks a new era in overview of current cellular signaling molecules for the specialist and the interested non-specialist alike During past years, there were multiple databases to gather this information briefly and very partially. Amidst the excitement of these findings, one of the great scientific tasks of the coming century is to bring all the useful information into a place. Such an approach is arduous but at the end will infuse the lacunas and considerably be a streamline in the understanding of vibrant signaling networks. Based on this easy-approach, we can build up more complicated biological systems.




Nuclear G-Protein Coupled Receptors


Book Description

Nuclear G-Protein Coupled Receptors: Methods and Protocols is a compilation of a number of conceptual and methodological aspects important for the validation and characterization of intacrine signaling systems. To date, the best-characterized intracrine signaling system is that of angiotensin II (Ang II), covered in depth in various chapters. Methodology to study the subcellular localization and function of GPCRs and other signaling systems is provided, as well as numerous chapters focusing on methods designed to understand signaling mediated by nuclear and other internal GPCRs. Methods are also described to study the formation of second messengers such as cAMP and to study the trafficking of receptors from the cell surface. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible, Nuclear G-Protein Coupled Receptors: Methods and Protocols seeks to serve both professionals and novices with state-of-the-art approaches to characterize what is becoming a common theme in cellular signaling.