Risk Analysis and Human Behavior


Book Description

The articles collected here are foundational contributions to integrating behavioural research and risk analysis. They include seminal articles on three essential challenges. One is ensuring effective two-way communication between technical experts and the lay public, so that risk analyses address lay concerns and provide useful information to people who need it. The second is ensuring that analyses make realistic assumptions about human behaviours that affect risk levels (e.g., how people use pharmaceuticals, operate equipment, or respond to evacuation orders). The third is ensuring that analyses recognize the strengths and weaknesses of experts’ understanding, using experts’ knowledge, while understanding its limits. The articles include overviews of the science, essays on the role of risk in society, and applications to domains as diverse as environment, medicine, terrorism, human rights, chemicals, pandemics, vaccination, HIV/AIDS, xenotransplantation, sexual assault, energy, and climate change. The work involves collaborations among scientists from many disciplines, working with practitioners to produce and convey the knowledge needed help people make better risk decisions.




Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates


Book Description

The field of occupational health and safety constantly changes, especially as it pertains to biomedical research. New infectious hazards are of particular importance at nonhuman-primate facilities. For example, the discovery that B virus can be transmitted via a splash on a mucous membrane raises new concerns that must be addressed, as does the discovery of the Reston strain of Ebola virus in import quarantine facilities in the U.S. The risk of such infectious hazards is best managed through a flexible and comprehensive Occupational Health and Safety Program (OHSP) that can identify and mitigate potential hazards. Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates is intended as a reference for vivarium managers, veterinarians, researchers, safety professionals, and others who are involved in developing or implementing an OHSP that deals with nonhuman primates. The book lists the important features of an OHSP and provides the tools necessary for informed decision-making in developing an optimal program that meets all particular institutional needs.




Risk-Taking Behavior


Book Description

Offering contributions from the fields of psychology, economics, medicine and business, this study examines the psychological foundations and ramifications of risk-taking behaviour. It provides recommendations on the encouragement of appropriate risk-taking in a business setting.




Values, Ergonomics and Risk Management in Aviation Business Strategy


Book Description

This book discusses the successful integration of values, ergonomy and risk management to achieve corporate strategic goals. Companies are starting to focus on risk management and corporate sustainability, but also value-based approaches in order to stay competitive. Although constantly emerging techniques are making this task easier, managing ergonomic based risks remain a challenge. The book largely focuses on values, ergonomy and risk management in the context of aviation business strategy. Offering insights into the principles of successful aviation business management using a value-based approach, it is a valuable resource for academics and postgraduate students as well as professionals in the aviation industry.




Human Behavior and Traffic Safety


Book Description

This volume contains the papers and discussions from a Symposium on :'Hu man Behavior and Traffic Safety" held at the General Motors Research Labora tories on September 23-25, 1984. This Symposium was the twenty-ninth in an annual series sponsored by the Research Laboratories. Initiated in 1957, these symposia have as their objective the promotion of the interchange of knowledge among specialists from many allied disciplines in rapidly developing or chang ing areas of science or technology. Attendees characteristically represent the aca demic, government, and industrial institutions that are noted for their ongoing activities in the particular area of interest. of this Symposium was to focus on the role of human behavior The objective in traffic safety. In this regard, a clear distinction is drawn between, on the one hand, "human behavior," and on the other "human performance." Human per formance at the driving task, or what the driver can do, has been the subject of much research reported in the technical literature. Although clearly of some rel evance, questions of performance do not appear to be central to most traffic crashes. Of much more central importance is human behavior, or what the driver in fact does. This is much more difficult to determine, and is the subject of the Symposium.







Traffic and Granular Flow '22


Book Description

This book gathers contributions on a variety of flowing collective systems. While primarily focusing on pedestrian dynamics, it also reflects the latest developments in areas such as vehicular traffic and granular flows and addresses related emerging topics such as self-propelled particles, data transport, swarm behaviour, intercellular transport, and individual interactions to complex systems. Combining fundamental research and practical applications in the various fields discussed, the book offers a valuable asset for researchers and professionals in areas such as civil and transportation engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, physics, computer science, and mathematics.




Risk Analysis of Natural Hazards


Book Description

This volume investigates the interdisciplinary and cross-cutting challenges in the risk analysis of natural hazards. It brings together leading minds in engineering, science, philosophy, law, and the social sciences. Parts I and II of this volume explore risk assessment, first by providing an overview of the interdisciplinary interactions involved in the assessment of natural hazards, and then by exploring the particular impacts of climate change on natural hazard assessment. Part III discusses the theoretical frameworks for the evaluation of natural hazards. Finally, Parts IV and V address the risk management of natural hazards, providing first an overview of the interdisciplinary interactions underlying natural hazard management, and then exploring decision frameworks that can help decision makers integrate and respond to the complex relationships among natural events, the built environment, and human behavior.




Model Validation and Uncertainty Quantification, Volume 3


Book Description

Model Validation and Uncertainty Quantification, Volume 3: Proceedings of the 35th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics, 2017, the third volume of ten from the Conference brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Model Validation and Uncertainty Quantification, including papers on: Uncertainty Quantification in Material Models Uncertainty Propagation in Structural Dynamics Practical Applications of MVUQ Advances in Model Validation & Uncertainty Quantification: Model Updating Model Validation & Uncertainty Quantification: Industrial Applications Controlling Uncertainty Uncertainty in Early Stage Design Modeling of Musical Instruments Overview of Model Validation and Uncertainty




Handbook of Psychology in Legal Contexts


Book Description

The second edition of this popular international handbook highlights the developing relationship between psychology and the law. Consisting of all-new material and drawing on the work of practitioners and academics from the UK, Europe, North America and elsewhere, this volume looks not only at the more traditional elements of psychology and the law - the provision of psychological assessments about individuals to the courts - but also many of the recent developments, such as the interaction between psychologists and other professionals, decision-making by judges and juries, and the shaping of social policy and political debate. Contemporary and authoritative in its scope, the second edition of The Handbook of Psychology in Legal Contexts will again prove to be a valuable resource for scholars and students, as well as being a vital tool for all professionals working in the field. * Well known editors and an international list of authors, most of whom are leaders in their field * Focus on psychological concepts and knowledge that will enlighten best practice and research * The focus on process and issues ensures that the book is not limited in interest by specific legal codes or legislation, it is international * More than an updating of the old chapters, really a rethinking of the field and what is now important and emerging