Author : Hely O. Rodriguez Cruz
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 37,64 MB
Release : 2022
Category : Mental health
ISBN :
Author : Wyn E. Taylor
Publisher :
Page : 123 pages
File Size : 17,23 MB
Release : 2019
Category : Decision making
ISBN :
People often make what appear to be inconsistent, irrational choice preference shifts from sure-to-risky (or from risky-to-sure) options depending on how the choices are framed--this is a form of decision bias called the framing effect. Given numerically identical outcome options, a consistent preference for risky choices or for sure choices is viewed indecision theory as a rational choice. Fuzzy Trace Theory suggests that framing effects are the result of gist processes. However, social desirability characteristics of the choices and individuals' concern for social approval could explain framing effects. The current study compared susceptibility to the framing effect in three groups: 176 pre-college adults,223 post-college adults, and 50 firefighters. Age ranged from 18 to over 56 years, with 60% of the sample female. It examined the effects of emotion on, and the amount of information presented explicitly in, choices, as well as possible relationships between the social desirability characteristics of the decision task items, susceptibility to the framing effect, and need for social approval (concern for social desirability). High, neutral, and low emotion manipulation conditions were expected to increase and decrease gist and verbatim processing and thereby affect susceptibility to the framing effect. However, the emotion induction procedure was not effective, and no significant differences were found between groups.Results for the three truncation versions were significant. As expected, the least amount of framing effect was seen in the non-zero-complement version, whereas the highest amount was seen in the zero-complement version, with the complete version in the middle. This provided support for the Fuzzy Trace processing view of the framing effect. A separate social desirability rating study showed significant results at the decision choice item level; however, contrary to expectation, individuals high in need for social approval were not more susceptible to the framing effect. The real strength of this research was that it is the first study to examine the social desirability characteristics of a set of decision items commonly used to measure framing effects. More research is needed to determine if there are causal relationships between social desirability characteristics choice items and framing effects.
Author : Sophie Lecheler
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 144 pages
File Size : 21,88 MB
Release : 2018-09-03
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1351802550
News Framing Effects is a guide to framing effects theory, one of the most prominent theories in media and communication science. Rooted in both psychology and sociology, framing effects theory describes the ability of news media to influence people’s attitudes and behaviors by subtle changes to how they report on an issue. The book gives expert commentary on this complex theoretical notion alongside practical instruction on how to apply it to research. The book’s structure mirrors the steps a scholar might take to design a framing study. The first chapter establishes a working definition of news framing effects theory. The following chapters focus on how to identify the independent variable (i.e., the "news frame") and the dependent variable (i.e., the "framing effect"). The book then considers the potential limits or enhancements of the proposed effects (i.e., the "moderators") and how framing effects might emerge (i.e., the "mediators"). Finally, it asks how strong these effects are likely to be. The final chapter considers news framing research in the light of a rapidly and fundamentally changing news and information market, in which technologies, platforms, and changing consumption patterns are forcing assumptions at the core of framing effects theory to be re-evaluated.
Author : Marios Andrianos
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 49,26 MB
Release : 2017
Category :
ISBN :
The present study investigated the influence of social comparisons and framing effect on risky decision making. Prospect theory has successfully addressed several deviations of risky decision-making with framing effects to have been largely discussed in literature. Previous research has suggested that decision making under uncertainty is sensitive to social reference points, yet few evidences exist regarding the combined effect of framing and social comparisons. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of attribute framing in relative performance feedback with upward social comparisons expected to lead to a greater risk-seeking behavior compared to downward social comparisons. Differences on risky decision making were also examined between high and low performance rankings, gain and loss trials, and different expected values between the decision probable outcomes. The sample consisted of 113 undergraduate students (60 females). A cross-sectional 2x2x2x3 mixed factorial experimental design was adopted. Purported relative performance feedback was given to participants in relation to the Cognitive Reflection Test. Feedback was presented in short vignettes in the form of upward-framed and downward-framed social comparisons in respect to high-ranking and low-ranking positions. Participants completed a Two-Outcomes Risky Decision-Making Task that included manipulation of expected values among probable outcomes within trials of gains and trials of losses. A four-way mixed analysis of variance was performed. Between-subjects analysis revealed that upward-framed social comparisons lead to increased risk-seeking compared to downward-framed social comparisons (p = .022). Different performance rankings did not have a significant effect on risky decision making. Within-subjects analysis showed that risk-seeking was greater in gain trials compared to loss trials (p
Author : Anol Bhattacherjee
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 156 pages
File Size : 35,79 MB
Release : 2012-04-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781475146127
This book is designed to introduce doctoral and graduate students to the process of conducting scientific research in the social sciences, business, education, public health, and related disciplines. It is a one-stop, comprehensive, and compact source for foundational concepts in behavioral research, and can serve as a stand-alone text or as a supplement to research readings in any doctoral seminar or research methods class. This book is currently used as a research text at universities on six continents and will shortly be available in nine different languages.
Author : Christina A. Roberto
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 23,67 MB
Release : 2016
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 019939833X
Behavioral economics has potential to offer novel solutions to some of today's most pressing public health problems: How do we persuade people to eat healthy and lose weight? How can health professionals communicate health risks in a way that is heeded? How can food labeling be modified to inform healthy food choices? Behavioral Economics and Public Health is the first book to apply the groundbreaking insights of behavioral economics to the persisting problems of health behaviors and behavior change. In addition to providing a primer on the behavioral economics principles that are most relevant to public health, this book offers details on how these principles can be employed to mitigating the world's greatest health threats, including obesity, smoking, risky sexual behavior, and excessive drinking. With contributions from an international team of scholars from psychology, economics, marketing, public health, and medicine, this book is a trailblazing new approach to the most difficult and important problems of our time.
Author : Sheryl Brahnam
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 30,17 MB
Release : 2011-03-06
Category : Computers
ISBN : 3642178235
This volume presents the latest research in Virtual Reality (VR), as it is being applied in psychotherapy, rehabilitation, and the analysis of behaviour for neurological assessment. This book will be of value to anyone already in the field and to those who are interested in the development of VR systems for therapeutic purposes. The contents include: · The latest literature reviews on VR in psychotherapy, psychological wellbeing, and rehabilitation · VR and cognitive behavior therapy · Increasing presence in VR for effective exposure therapy and treatment of anxiety disorders · VR military training for managing combat stress and preventing post traumatic stress · VR, mixed reality systems, and games for stroke rehabilitation · VR systems for improving vision in children with amblyopia · Therapeutic play in virtual environments · Healing potential of online virtual worlds such as Second Life · Neuropsychological assessment using virtual environments · Detailed accounts on how VR systems are designed, implemented, and best evaluated · Discussions of limitations, problems, and ethical concerns using VR in mental and physical therapy
Author : Erving Goffman
Publisher :
Page : 586 pages
File Size : 44,84 MB
Release : 1975
Category : Expérience
ISBN : 9780140551099
Author : Rose McDermott
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 22,46 MB
Release : 2001
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780472087877
Discusses the way leaders deal with risk in making foreign policy decisions
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 587 pages
File Size : 27,32 MB
Release : 2015-07-23
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0309324882
Children are already learning at birth, and they develop and learn at a rapid pace in their early years. This provides a critical foundation for lifelong progress, and the adults who provide for the care and the education of young children bear a great responsibility for their health, development, and learning. Despite the fact that they share the same objective - to nurture young children and secure their future success - the various practitioners who contribute to the care and the education of children from birth through age 8 are not acknowledged as a workforce unified by the common knowledge and competencies needed to do their jobs well. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 explores the science of child development, particularly looking at implications for the professionals who work with children. This report examines the current capacities and practices of the workforce, the settings in which they work, the policies and infrastructure that set qualifications and provide professional learning, and the government agencies and other funders who support and oversee these systems. This book then makes recommendations to improve the quality of professional practice and the practice environment for care and education professionals. These detailed recommendations create a blueprint for action that builds on a unifying foundation of child development and early learning, shared knowledge and competencies for care and education professionals, and principles for effective professional learning. Young children thrive and learn best when they have secure, positive relationships with adults who are knowledgeable about how to support their development and learning and are responsive to their individual progress. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 offers guidance on system changes to improve the quality of professional practice, specific actions to improve professional learning systems and workforce development, and research to continue to build the knowledge base in ways that will directly advance and inform future actions. The recommendations of this book provide an opportunity to improve the quality of the care and the education that children receive, and ultimately improve outcomes for children.
