The Future Role of Pesticides in US Agriculture


Book Description

Although chemical pesticides safeguard crops and improve farm productivity, they are increasingly feared for their potentially dangerous residues and their effects on ecosystems. The Future Role of Pesticides explores the role of chemical pesticides in the decade ahead and identifies the most promising opportunities for increasing the benefits and reducing the risks of pesticide use. The committee recommends R&D, program, and policy initiatives for federal agriculture authorities and other stakeholders in the public and private sectors. This book presents clear overviews of key factors in chemical pesticide use, including: Advances in genetic engineering not only of pest-resistant crops but also of pests themselves. Problems in pesticide useâ€"concerns about the health of agricultural workers, the ability of pests to develop resistance, issues of public perception, and more. Impending shifts in agricultureâ€"globalization of the economy, biological "invasions" of organisms, rising sensitivity toward cross-border environmental issues, and other trends. With a model and working examples, this book offers guidance on how to assess various pest control strategies available to today's agriculturist.




Ecofriendly Pest Management for Food Security


Book Description

Ecofriendly Pest Management for Food Security explores the broad range of opportunity and challenges afforded by Integrated Pest Management systems. The book focuses on the insect resistance that has developed as a result of pest control chemicals, and how new methods of environmentally complementary pest control can be used to suppress harmful organisms while protecting the soil, plants, and air around them. As the world's population continues its rapid increase, this book addresses the production of cereals, vegetables, fruits, and other foods and their subsequent demand increase. Traditional means of food crop production face proven limitations and increasing research is turning to alternative means of crop growth and protection. - Addresses environmentally focused pest control with specific attention to its role in food security and sustainability. - Includes a range of pest management methods, from natural enemies to biomolecules. - Written by experts with extensive real-world experience.




Insect Pest Management


Book Description

This book explores ecologically sound and innovative techniques in insect pest management in field and protected crops. From a general overview of pest management to new biorational insecticides such as insect growth regulators, and new strategies to reduce resistance, the coverage is entirely up-to-date. Other chapters describe advances in pest management of important crops such as cotton, corn, oilseed rape and various vegetables.




Natural Products in Plant Pest Management


Book Description

This book contains 13 chapters which deal with the current state and future prospects of botanical pesticides in the eco-friendly management of plant pests. Different issues, including the global scenario on the application of botanical pesticides, plant products in the control of mycotoxins, the commercial application of botanical pesticides and their prospects in green consumerism, natural products as allelochemicals, their efficacy against viral diseases and storage pests, and bioactive products from fungal endophytes, are covered. The book may be useful to many, including plant pathologists, microbiologists, entomologists, plant scientists and natural product chemists. It is expected that the book will be a source of inspiration to many for future developments in the field. It is also hoped that the book will become useful for those engaged in such an extraordinary and attractive area. The book would serve as the key reference for recent developments in frontier research on natural products in the management of agricultural pests and also for the scientists working in this area.







Roles of Natural Products for Biorational Pesticides in Agriculture


Book Description

Chemical products from nature have been used to control insect and microbial pests since the early beginnings of agriculture. Since these primitive years, natural products have played a direct role in controlling weeds, insects, plant pathogens, and nematodes. Topics of this AGRO (Agrochemicals Division) symposium at the 254th ACS meeting highlighted the use and importance of natural products as biorational pesticides as they relate to agricultural commodities. Papers presented focused on the isolation of and applied use of natural products to agricultural systems, comprising topics such as: host plant volatiles as attractants of herbivorous insects; synthetic formulations of semiochemicals as insect monitoring tools; sensitive collection techniques for in situ or in-field analyses of plant volatiles; plant-insect, plant-microbe interactions that influence insect pests or beneficial insects; plant- or microbe-produced natural products that influence insects, pathogens, nematodes, or weeds; plant-plant interactions that influence plant defense systems; and, plant-incorporated protectants for crop pest management. Scientific experts presented original research results and review of important topics from a number of diverse disciplines, including, analytical and environmental chemists, chemical ecologists, entomologists, and plant physiologists.




Biopesticides


Book Description

Resistance to conventional pesticides has been growing rapidly among all pests. Furthermore, there is increased public concern about the safety of conventional pesticides, and increased governmental restrictions have resulted in the need to identify new compounds that are safe and effective in controlling pests that are of concern to agriculture as well as to public and animal health. Biopesticides may aid in the control of such pests with fewer deleterious effects to the environment, people and animals. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines biopesticides as "pesticides derived from such natural materials as animals, plants, bacteria, and certain minerals" (www.epa.gov). According to the U.S. EPA's website in 2014 there were more than 430 registered biopesticides along with 1320 active product registrations. Biopesticides have seen a recent growth, which is partially due to increased advances in biotechnological tools for pest control. However, the growth has been largely spurred by the growing needs for new tools to fight pesticide resistance and safer and more benign means of pest management. This volume and the chapters contained within it resulted from the "Biopesticides: State of the Art and Future Opportunities" symposium held at the 246th ACS National Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, September 8-12, 2013. The symposium was comprised of 38 papers in five sessions: The Big Picture, Repellents and Attractants, Insecticides and Nematicides, Products from Genetic Improvements, and Economic, Regulatory and Future Needs. Biopesticides: State of the Art and Future Opportunities offers a wealth of information that will enrich the knowledge of experts in the field of biopesticide research.




Botanical Pesticides in Agriculture


Book Description

Due to the prohibitive cost of synthetic pesticides and the problems of environmental pollution caused by continuous use of these chemicals, there is a renewed interest in the use of botanicals for crop protection. Agricultural entomologists, nematologists, and pathologists the world over are now actively engaged in research into the use of plants to fight agricultural pests and diseases, and to reduce the losses caused by them. Botanical Pesticides in Agriculture reviews the research on botanical pesticides used to combat losses due to pests of agricultural importance, with special attention focused on the use of higher plants. This book will serve as the baseline reference work for future research, and many of the botanicals discussed, such as neem, bael, begonia, pyrethrum, tobacco, karanj, and mahuwa, may become integral parts of pest control programs currently being developed. It is believed that botanical pesticides will minimize the undesirable side effects of synthetic pesticides and help preserve the environment for future generations.




Entomopathogenic Bacteria: from Laboratory to Field Application


Book Description

Entomopathogenic bacteria (Bacillus thuringiensis and B. sphaericus) are increasingly used as biopesticides to control larval insect populations which are either agricultural or forestry pests and to reduce those which as adults are vectors of severe human diseases. This new book, the first since 1993 to address all aspects of entomopathogenic bacteria, provides undergraduate and graduate students as well as research scientists with a complete, modern view of this important group of bacteria. The authors, chosen for their sustained contributions to the field, cover both fundamental and applied research in this area. The main topics include bacterial ecology and taxonomy, toxin diversity, activity and mode of action, regulation and environment of the genes, safety and ecotoxicology, production and field application of the bacteria, and outbreaks of resistant populations. The book concludes with the most recent data obtained on transgenic biotechnology and addresses environmental impact issues.




Nematodes in Phytobiomes


Book Description