Post-Communist Romania at Twenty-Five


Book Description

2014 marked the 25th anniversary of the collapse of communist regimes in Eastern Europe. The events of 1989 are widely seen as having ushered in new all-encompassing reforms in almost all areas of life. In few other places were reforms more contested and divisive than in Romania, a country that suffered greatly under the sultanistic-cum-totalitarian dictatorship of Nicolae Ceausescu, faced the region’s only bloody anti-communist revolt, and as such had the longest to travel on the road from communism to democracy. We now have a generation’s worth of experience with these wrenching reforms that have deeply affected Romania’s political institutions and political culture, and ultimately allowed it to become a member of the coveted European Union club. This volume gathers key lessons for democratic theory and practice from Romania’s first twenty-five years of post-communist transformation. Written by leading experts in the field of Romanian Studies, the chapters focus on the most important factors that have shaped the country’s political transformation during the first 25 years of post-communism.




Revolution, democratic transition and disillusionment


Book Description

This book develops a fresh and challenging perspective on the transition from communism to capitalism. Drawing on a wide and diverse range of material and texts, it argues that transition and democratisation studies should turn their attention towards processes of illusion formation and disillusionment as key to understanding the shift from one ideological framework to another. The author provides alternative approaches to otherwise classical sites of examination of social change – such as revolutions and the emergence of civil society – and proposes a number of new possible sites by analysing the politics of self-reflection, the element of shock inherent in any transition and the role of visual narratives in negotiating change. The chapters are inspired by unique interviews and discussions with the leaders of the Timisoara Revolution, the Group of Social Dialogue – the first civil society organisation in post-communist Romania, the leading author of the 'Presidential Report Analysing the Communist Dictatorship in Romania' and an innovative group of photographers tracing the Romanian transition through images.




NATO - Past, Present And Future


Book Description

Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: When talking about integration, one must think first of all about the problems such an integration means. Many Romanians nowadays look at the integration into the European and Euro-Atlantic structures only as a means of better living standards. But very few Romanians might be willing to pay the price for the integration. Nobody in Romania seems to know exactly the direction we are heading to. But there must certainly be changes of the people s mentality, if we want to achieve something at all. Yet, this problem does not concern Romanians alone. The West generally regards Romania as a source of crime and, at least for the moment, does not even want to talk to Romania about our integration into the European Union, although the negotiations have been started with all potential candidates at the same time. Recently, when about 500 gypsies created problems in Austria, the country asked Hungary and the Czech Republic to introduce the visa-system for Romanian citizens. They obviously wanted the Romanians to be even more humiliated than they already were, lining up also at Hungary s and the Czech Republic s embassies in order to be able to travel to those countries. Mister Andrei Plesu, the Romanian Foreign Affairs Minister, said: If 500 gypsies are able to destabilise Austria, they are either first-hand merchandise or Austria is a little bit frail . On the other hand, one cannot deny that Romanian citizens keep causing trouble to western European countries. But the problem is that dubious people manage somehow to get visas, while honest people are denied the basic right of travelling to foreign countries only because a few of their fellow citizens are being considered troublemakers. If no visas were required, only a small, negligible margin of the Romanian citizens travelling abroad would be denied the permission to travel to western European countries again. Then, there is the problem of culture. If you ask a Romanian citizen about the capital of a western European state, it is less possible that he will not know it than if you asked a western European about Romania s capital. For instance, many Frenchmen are convinced that Budapest is Romania s capital. A French band performing in Bucharest was warmly welcome and acclaimed until its members shouted: I love you, Budapest! . Of course, the fact that western Europeans do not know eastern European capitals does not mean that people in western Europe are not civilised. Romania [...]




The Re-education Experiment in Romania


Book Description

Very little is known--not only by the Western world but also by the Romanian youth--about the magnitude of the horrors the communist regime in Romania committed over its 40 years of dictatorship. This book is a collection of essays written between 1995 and 2011, chronicling the experiences and presenting the views of a former political prisoner about past and current events in Romanian history. A retired professor of operations research, Boldur-Latescu is one of the few survivors of the 'Pitesti Phenomenon', the experiment launched in the 1950's in communist prisons by the Romanian Securitate, which aimed at re-educating political prisoners through peer exerted torture. This book is a continuation of the analysis that started with "The Communist Genocide in Romania", published in 2005 by Nova Publishers) with a particular emphasis on the examination of the social, political, cultural, and economic evolution of Romania after the 1989 Revolution. Some of the essays go beyond the analysis of the Romanian context by tackling current challenges faced by Western democracies through a unique prism. The link between communism and terrorism, the lack of reference to Christian values in the EU Constitution, and the relevance of Tolstoy's work or the Testament left by Peter the Great to the current situation in world politics, are only a few examples of the author's unique interpretation of current world events.




In Search of Romania


Book Description

The imposition of Communist ideology was a misfortune for millions in Eastern Europe, but never for Dennis Deletant. Instead, it drew him to Romania. The renowned historian’s association with the country and its people dates back to 1965, when he first visited. Since then, Romania has made Dennis appreciate the value of shrewd dissimulation, in the face of the state’s gross intrusion in the life of the individual. This vivid memoir charts his first-hand experience of the Communist era, coloured by the early 1970s surveillance of his future wife Andrea; his contacts with dissidents; and his articles and BBC World Service broadcasts, which led to his being declared persona non grata in 1988. In Search of Romania also considers how life went on under dictatorship, even if it was largely mapped out by the regime. How did individual citizens negotiate the challenges placed in their path? How important was the political police, the Securitate, in maintaining compliance? How did dissent towards the regime manifest? How did all this affect the moral compass of the individual? Why did utopia descend into dystopia under Ceaușescu? And how has his legacy influenced the difficult transition to democracy since the collapse of Communism?




The Roma in Romanian History


Book Description

One of the greatest challenges during the enlargement process of the European Union towards the east is how the issue of the Roma or Gypsies is tackled. This ethnic minority group represents a much higher share by numbers, too, in some regions going above 20% of the population. This enormous social and political problem cannot be solved without proper historical studies like this book, the most comprehensive history of Gypsies in Romania. It is based on academic research, synthesizing the entire historical Romanian and foreign literature concerning this topic, and using lot of information from the archives. The main focus is laid on the events of the greatest consequence. Special attention is devoted to aspects linked to the long history of the Gypsies, such as slavery, the process of integration and assimilation into the majority population, as well as the marginalization of Gypsies, which has historic roots. The process of emancipation of Gypsies in the mid-19th century receives due treatment. The deportation of Gypsies to Transnistria during the Antonescu regime, between 1942-1944, is reconstructed in a special chapter. The closing chapters elaborate on the policy toward Gypsies in the decades after the Second World War that explain for the latest developments and for the situation of this population in today's Romania.




The Romanian Economic Reform Program


Book Description

This paper outlines the main characteristics and the development of the centrally planned economic sysetm in Romania before the beginnings of the transition to a market eonomy it then presents the design, objectives, and implementation of the reform program.







The Razing of Romania's Past


Book Description

Architecturally, Romania was long regarded as one of the most interesting and beautiful countries In Europe. This book documents the systematic destruction of that heritage by the Ceausescu regime, a process of systematization intended to destroy the cultural indentity of a nation on a huge scale.