Saxon Math. What Works Clearinghouse Intervention Report


Book Description

"Saxon Math," published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, is a core curriculum for students in grades K-5. A distinguishing feature of the curriculum is its use of an incremental approach for instruction and assessment. This approach limits the amount of new math content delivered to students each day and allows time for daily practice. New concepts are introduced gradually and integrated with previously introduced content so that concepts are developed, reviewed, and practiced over time rather than being taught during discrete periods of time, such as in chapters or units. The What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) identified 26 studies that investigated the effects of "Saxon Math" on the math performance of elementary school students. The WWC reviewed 14 of those studies against group design evidence standards. One study (Agodini, Harris, Thomas, Murphy, & Gallagher, 2010) is a randomized controlled trial that meets WWC evidence standards without reservations, and one study (Resendez & Manley, 2005) is a quasi-experimental design that meets WWC evidence standards with reservations. Those two studies are summarized in this report. Twelve studies do not meet WWC evidence standards. The remaining 12 studies do not meet WWC eligibility screens for review in this topic area. Appended are: (1) Research details for Agodini et al. (2010); (2) Research details for Resendez and Manley (2005); (3) Outcome measures for the mathematics achievement domain; (4) Findings included in the rating for the mathematics achievement domain; and (5) Summary of supplemental findings for the mathematics achievement domain. A glossary of terms is included. (Contains 5 tables and 10 endnotes.).




Saxon Elementary School Math. What Works Clearinghouse Intervention Report


Book Description

The What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) reviewed seven studies of the "Saxon Elementary School Math program." A distinguishing feature of "Saxon Elementary School Math" is its use of a distributed approach, as opposed to a chapter-based approach, for instruction and assessment. One of these studies met WWC standards with reservations and the remaining studies did not meet WWC evidence screens. This study found no discernible effects on mathematics achievement. The evidence presented in this report is limited and may change as new research emerges. Using school-level data provided by the authors, the WWC confirmed that "Saxon Elementary School Math" did not have a statistically significant or substantively important effect on math achievement at each grade level from first to fifth grade. Based on this study finding, the WWC categorized "Saxon Elementary School Math" as having no discernible effects on overall math achievement. (Contains 7 footnotes.) [This publication was produced by the What Works Clearinghouse. The following study is reviewed in this intervention report: Resendez, M., & Manley, M. A. (2005). "The relationship between using Saxon Elementary and Middle School Math and student performance on Georgia Statewide Assessments." Orlando, Fla.: Harcourt Achieve.].




Saxon Elementary School Math. What Works Clearinghouse Intervention Report


Book Description

"Saxon Elementary School Math," published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, is a core curriculum for students in kindergarten through grade 5. A distinguishing feature of "Saxon Elementary School Math" is its use of a distributed approach, as opposed to a chapter-based approach, for instruction and assessment. The program is built on the premise that students learn best when instruction is incremental and explicit, previously learned concepts are continually reviewed, and assessment is frequent and cumulative. At each grade level, math concepts are introduced, reviewed, and practiced over time in order to move students from understanding to mastery to fluency. For grades K-3, the "Saxon Elementary School Math" curriculum emphasizes hands-on activities and teacher-directed math conversations that engage students in learning. The curriculum for grades 4-5 also uses math conversations to introduce new concepts, and shifts the focus to student-directed learning. The What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) reviewed 20 studies on "Saxon Elementary School Math" for elementary school students. One of these studies meets WWC evidence standards; two studies meet WWC evidence standards with reservations; the remaining 17 studies do not meet either WWC evidence standards or eligibility screens. Based on the three studies, the WWC found mixed effects on mathematics achievement for elementary school students. The conclusions presented in this report may change as new research emerges. Appendices include: (1) Study characteristics; (2) Outcome measures for the mathematics achievement domain; (3) Summary of study findings included in the rating for the mathematics achievement domain; (4) Summary of subgroup and subscale findings for the mathematics achievement domain; (5) "Saxon Elementary School Math" rating for the mathematics achievement domain; and (6) Extent of evidence by domain. (Contains 7 footnotes.).




Saxon Middle School Math. What Works Clearinghouse Intervention Report


Book Description

"Saxon Math" curricula and materials are available for grades K through 12, with the content and skills designed to meet National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) standards and various state standards. This WWC report focuses on middle school math curricula, defined as all Saxon Math curricula for grades 6 through 9. The sixth-grade curriculum covers simplifying expressions containing parentheses, graphing functions, and understanding ratios and proportions. The seventh-grade curriculum covers pre-algebra topics such as rate, powers, roots, and geometric proofs. The eighth-grade curriculum covers all topics usually taught in pre-algebra in addition to topics from geometry and discrete mathematics. The ninth-grade curriculum covers all topics usually taught in a first-year algebra course (such as exponents, roots, and algebraic word problems) as well as conceptual understanding, procedural fluency, strategic competence, adaptive reasoning, and productive disposition. "Saxon Math" curricula for the elementary schools are reviewed in the WWC Saxon Elementary School Math intervention report. One study of "Saxon Middle School Math" met What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) evidence standards, and five studies met standards with reservations. The six studies included over 5,300 students in sixth to ninth grades from over 70 schools in Georgia, Missouri, Mississippi, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas. Saxon Middle School Math was found to have positive effects on math achievement. (Contains 41 footnotes and 1 appendix on study characteristics.) [The following study is reviewed in this intervention report: Williams, D. D. (1986). "The incremental method of teaching algebra." Kansas City: University of Missouri.].




Saxon Elementary School Math. Revised. What Works Clearinghouse Intervention Report


Book Description

"Saxon Elementary School Math," published by Harcourt Achieve, is a core curriculum for students in kindergarten through grade 5. A distinguishing feature of "Saxon Elementary School Math" is its use of a distributed approach, as opposed to a chapter-based approach, for instruction and assessment. The program is built on the premise that students learn best when instruction is incremental and explicit, previously learned concepts are continually reviewed, and assessment is frequent and cumulative. At each grade level, math concepts are introduced, reviewed, and practiced over time in order to move students from understanding to mastery to fluency. One study of the "Saxon Elementary School Math" program met the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) evidence standards with reservations. The study included students in grades 1-8 from a range of socioeconomic backgrounds and attending 342 schools across the state of Georgia. This report focuses only on findings for grades 1-5. The WWC found "Saxon Elementary School Math" to have no discernible effects on math achievement. (Contains 7 tables and 8 footnotes.) [This publication was produced by the What Works Clearinghouse. The following study is reviewed in this intervention report: Resendez, M., & Manley, M. A. (2005). "The relationship between using Saxon Elementary and Middle School Math and student performance on Georgia statewide assessments." Orlando, FL: Harcourt Achieve.].




Implementing NCLB


Book Description

The author shows readers how to overcome the challenge of implementing NCLB by building organizational capacity through a knowledge model.




EnVisionMATH. What Works Clearinghouse Intervention Report


Book Description

"EnVisionMATH," published by Pearson Education, Inc., is a core curriculum for students in kindergarten through grade 6. The program seeks to help students develop an understanding of math concepts through problem-based instruction, small-group interaction, and visual learning with a focus on reasoning and modeling. Differentiated instruction and ongoing assessment are used to meet the needs of students at all ability levels. The What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) identified one study of "enVisionMATH" that both falls within the scope of the Elementary School Mathematics topic area and meets WWC evidence standards. The study meets WWC evidence standards without reservations, and included 1,156 elementary school students in the second and fourth grades in eight locations across the United States. The WWC considers the extent of evidence for "enVisionMath" on the math performance of elementary school students to be small for the mathematics achievement domain, the only outcome domain examined for studies reviewed under the Elementary School Mathematics topic area. "enVisionMath" was found to have potentially positive effects on mathematics achievement for elementary school students. Appended are: (1) Research details for Resendez & Azin, 2008; (2) Outcome measures for each domain; (3) Findings included in the rating for the mathematics achievement domain; and (4) Description of supplemental findings for Year 2 for the mathematics. A glossary is included. (Contains 4 tables, 6 endnotes and 1 additional source.).




Betrayed


Book Description

In America, more money is spent from all sources on K-12 education than on the U.S. Department of Defense. Why then are so many children suffering what amounts to educational malpractice? Why are they crippled for life with a substandard education and a life-altering vision of themselves as 'incapable'? Betrayed is a passionate, well-researched and frank accounting of how a failing public-education system continues to be forced on teachers and students, despite its nearly complete lack of supporting research or successful student outcomes. Betrayed roots out the self-styled 'stakeholders' whose personal, professional and financial interests are served by this failing system. It sympathizes with teachers_many of whom aren't allowed to do their jobs, yet are constantly threatened with removal for 'ineffectiveness' or 'insubordination.' Betrayed is an expose, but it's also a beacon of commonsense and hope. Through the 'Square of Effective Learning,' Betrayed offers practical methods for teachers, parents, advocates and legislators to stand up against this broken system, to effect positive change, and to ensure a good-quality education for all of our children.




PLATO[R] Achieve Now. What Works Clearinghouse Intervention Report


Book Description

"PLATO[R] Achieve Now" is a software-based curriculum for the elementary and middle school grades. Instructional content is delivered via the PlayStation Portable (PSP[R]) system, allowing students to access learning materials in various settings. Software-based assessments are used to customize individual instruction, allowing students to learn at their own pace with content appropriate for their skill level. "PLATO[R] Achieve Now" is aligned with the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics guidelines. The What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) reviewed 13 studies on "PLATO[R] Achieve Now." One of these studies meets WWC evidence standards; the remaining 12 studies do not meet either WWC evidence standards or eligibility screens. Based on the one study, the WWC found no discernible effects for the math achievement domain. The one study is a randomized controlled trial that included 1,037 sixth-grade students in 13 schools in three districts across the United States. Based on this one study, the WWC considers the extent of evidence for "PLATO[R] Achieve Now" to be small for math achievement. The conclusions presented in this report may change as new research emerges. (Contains 7 footnotes.) [The following study is reviewed in this intervention report: Campuzano, L., Dynarski, M., Agodini, R., & Rall, K. (2009). "Effectiveness of reading and mathematics software products: Findings from two student cohorts" (NCEE 2009-4041). Washington, DC: National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education.].




Odyssey Math. What Works Clearinghouse Intervention Report


Book Description

"Odyssey Math," published by CompassLearning[R], is an interactive, software-based K-8 mathematics curriculum. It includes individualized instructional and assessment tools, as well as an administrative function that allows teachers to track student performance and progress and to generate reports. Lessons employ real-world contexts in which students can apply ideas, tools, and manipulatives, and they allow for individualized assessment and instruction. The What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) identified 23 studies of "Odyssey Math" that were published or released between 1983 and 2008. Five studies are out of the scope of the review because they have an ineligible study design that does not meet WWC evidence standards; an additional fifteen studies are out of the scope of the review, as defined by the Middle School Math protocol, for reasons other than study design. The remaining three studies are withing the scope of the review and have an eligible design, but do not meet WWC evidence standards. The lack of studies meeting WWC evidence standards means that, at this time, the WWC is unable to draw any conclusions based on research about the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of "Odyssey Math." (Contains 3 footnotes.).