Scripts, Plans, Goals, and Understanding
Author : Roger C. Schank
Publisher : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 19,93 MB
Release : 1977
Category : Computers
ISBN :
Author : Roger C. Schank
Publisher : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 19,93 MB
Release : 1977
Category : Computers
ISBN :
Author : Roger C. Schank
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 42,35 MB
Release : 2013-05-13
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 1134919735
First Published in 1977. In the summer of 1971, there was a workshop in an ill-defined field at the intersection of psychology, artificial intelligence, and linguistics. The fifteen participants were in various ways interested in the representation of large systems of knowledge (or beliefs) based upon an understanding process operating upon information expressed in natural language. This book reflects a convergence of interests at the intersection of psychology and artificial intelligence. What is the nature of knowledge and how is this knowledge used? These questions lie at the core of both psychology and artificial intelligence.
Author : James A. Galambos
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 17,47 MB
Release : 2013-08-21
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 1134932057
First Published in 1986. This book marks a watershed in cognitive science activity at Yale University. Over the past decade, the cognitive science orientation has become more and more integrated into the mainstream of cognitive psychology, and artificial intelligence workers now feel comfortable thinking about psychological experimentation. This book collects in one place the research work which concentrates on covering topics in the representation, processing, and recall of meaningful verbal .materials. Several of the chapters are first reports of research; others are specially prepared reviews and elaborations of research reported previously. Here it is all together: Studies of scripts, plans, and higher-level knowledge structures; analyses of knowledge structure activation, of autobiographical memory, of the phenomenon of reminding, of the summarization of text, of explanations for events, and more.
Author : Joseph Nuttin
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 25,57 MB
Release : 1981
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780898590678
First Published in 1982. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Author : Roger C. Schank
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 437 pages
File Size : 18,60 MB
Release : 2013-06-17
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 1134781628
It is not unusual for a festschrift to include offerings from several areas of study, but it is highly unusual for those areas to cross disciplinary lines. This book, in doing just that, is a testimony to Bob Abelson's impact on the disciplines of social psychology, artificial intelligence and cognitive science, and the applied areas of political psychology and decision-making. The contributors demonstrate that their association with Abelson, whether as students or colleagues, has resulted in an impressive intellectual cross-fertilization.
Author : Michael G. Dyer
Publisher : MIT Press (MA)
Page : 458 pages
File Size : 25,24 MB
Release : 1983-07-01
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780262541558
This dissertation describes a theory of memory representation, organization, and processing for in-depth understanding of complex narrative texts. Complicated texts require that many different knowledge sources be represented, coordinated, instantiated, searched and applied. Such sources include: goals, plans, scripts, physical objects, settings, interpersonal relationships, social roles, and emotional reactions. This theory is implemented in BORIS, a computer program which reads and answers questions about narratives involving such topics as: divorce, legal disputes, personal favors, and service contracts.
Author : Stefano Cotrozzi
Publisher : A&C Black
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 41,55 MB
Release : 2010-04-29
Category : Religion
ISBN : 0567568385
This monograph on biblical linguistics is a highly specialized, pragmatic investigation of the controversial question of "foregrounding"—the deviation from some norm or convention—in Old Testament narratives. The author presents and examines the two main sources of pragmatic foregrounding: events or states deviating from well-established schemata, structures of reader expectation that can be manipulated by the narrator to highlight specific "chunks" of discourse; and evaluative devices, which are used by the narrator to indicate to the reader the point of the story and direct its interpretation. Cotrozzi critiques the particular evaluative device known as the "historic present", a narrative strategy that employs the present tense to describe past event. He tests two main theories that support this device by using a cross-linguistic model of the historical present drawing upon a variety of languages. Cotrozzi ultimately refutes these theories with a thorough examination and detailed refutation. He concludes with a study of a particular Hebraic verb as a particular marker of represented perception, a technique whereby the character's perceptions are expressed directly from its point of view.
Author : Benedict Wilkinson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : pages
File Size : 44,53 MB
Release : 2020-02-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0197530974
This book explores terrorism as a strategic choice-- one made carefully and deliberately by rational actors. Through an analysis of the terrorist groups of Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Yemen, this book charts a series of different strategic 'scripts' at play in terrorist behavior, from survival, to efforts in mobilizing a supporter base, through to the grinding attrition of a long terrorist campaign. The theme that runs through all the organizations is the unbridgeable gap between their strategic vision, and what actually unfolds. Regardless of which script terrorists follow, they often fall short of achieving their political ambitions. And yet, despite its frequent failure, the terrorist strategy is returned to time and again-- people continue to join such groups, and to commit mindless acts of violence. Scripts of Terror explores the reasons behind this. It asks why, if terrorism is so rarely successful and so hard to pull off, its approach remains an appealing one. And it examines how terrorists formulate their strategies, and how they envisage achieving their ambitions through violence. Most importantly, it explores why they so often fail.
Author : Marek C. Oziewicz
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 245 pages
File Size : 20,84 MB
Release : 2015-04-17
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 1317610814
This book is the first to offer a justice-focused cognitive reading of modern YA speculative fiction in its narrative and filmic forms. It links the expansion of YA speculative fiction in the 20th century with the emergence of human and civil rights movements, with the communitarian revolution in conceptualizations of justice, and with spectacular advances in cognitive sciences as applied to the examination of narrative fiction. Oziewicz argues that complex ideas such as justice are processed by the human mind as cognitive scripts; that scripts, when narrated, take the form of multiply indexable stories; and that YA speculative fiction is currently the largest conceptual testing ground in the forging of justice consciousness for the 21st century world. Drawing on recent research in the cognitive and evolutionary sciences, Oziewicz explains how poetic, retributive, restorative, environmental, social, and global types of justice have been represented in narrative fiction, from 19th century folk and fairy tales through 21st century fantasy, dystopia, and science fiction. Suggesting that the appeal of these and other nonmimetic genres is largely predicated on the dream of justice, Oziewicz theorizes new justice scripts as conceptual tools essential to help humanity survive the qualitative leap toward an environmentally conscious, culturally diversified global world. This book is an important contribution to studies of children’s and YA speculative fiction, adding a new perspective to discussions about the educational as well as social potential of nonmimetic genres. It demonstrates that the justice imperative is very much alive in YA speculative fiction, creating new visions of justice relevant to contemporary challenges.
Author : Frank Fischer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 349 pages
File Size : 32,1 MB
Release : 2007-04-08
Category : Education
ISBN : 038736949X
Theoretically, the term "script" appears to be rather ill-defined. This book clarifies the use of the term "script" in education. It approaches the term from at least three perspectives: cognitive psychology perspective, computer science perspective, and an educational perspective. The book provides learners with scripts that support them both in communication/coordination and in higher-order learning.