Second Order Analysis on $(\mathscr {P}_2(M),W_2)$


Book Description

The author develops a rigorous second order analysis on the space of probability measures on a Riemannian manifold endowed with the quadratic optimal transport distance $W_2$. The discussion includes: definition of covariant derivative, discussion of the problem of existence of parallel transport, calculus of the Riemannian curvature tensor, differentiability of the exponential map and existence of Jacobi fields. This approach does not require any smoothness assumption on the measures considered.




Guide to LaTeX


Book Description

Published Nov 25, 2003 by Addison-Wesley Professional. Part of the Tools and Techniques for Computer Typesetting series. The series editor may be contacted at [email protected]. LaTeX is the text-preparation system of choice for scientists and academics, and is especially useful for typesetting technical materials. This popular book shows you how to begin using LaTeX to create high-quality documents. The book also serves as a handy reference for all LaTeX users. In this completely revised edition, the authors cover the LaTeX2ε standard and offer more details, examples, exercises, tips, and tricks. They go beyond the core installation to describe the key contributed packages that have become essential to LaTeX processing. Inside, you will find: Complete coverage of LaTeX fundamentals, including how to input text, symbols, and mathematics; how to produce lists and tables; how to include graphics and color; and how to organize and customize documents Discussion of more advanced concepts such as bibliographical databases and BIBTeX, math extensions with AMS-LaTeX, drawing, slides, and letters Helpful appendices on installation, error messages, creating packages, using LaTeX with HTML and XML, and fonts An extensive alphabetized listing of commands and their uses New to this edition: More emphasis on LaTeX as a markup language that separates content and form--consistent with the essence of XML Detailed discussions of contributed packages alongside relevant standard topics In-depth information on PDF output, including extensive coverage of how to use the hyperref package to create links, bookmarks, and active buttons As did the three best-selling editions that preceded it, Guide to LaTeX, Fourth Edition, will prove indispensable to anyone wishing to gain the benefits of LaTeX. The accompanying CD-ROM is part of the TeX Live set distributed by TeX Users Groups, containing a full LaTeX installation for Windows, MacOSX, and Linux, as well as many extensions, including those discussed in the book. 0321173856B10162003




An Illustrative Introduction to Modern Analysis


Book Description

Aimed primarily at undergraduate level university students, An Illustrative Introduction to Modern Analysis provides an accessible and lucid contemporary account of the fundamental principles of Mathematical Analysis. The themes treated include Metric Spaces, General Topology, Continuity, Completeness, Compactness, Measure Theory, Integration, Lebesgue Spaces, Hilbert Spaces, Banach Spaces, Linear Operators, Weak and Weak* Topologies. Suitable both for classroom use and independent reading, this book is ideal preparation for further study in research areas where a broad mathematical toolbox is required.




Symplectic and Contact Topology: Interactions and Perspectives


Book Description

The papers presented in this volume are written by participants of the ``Symplectic and Contact Topology, Quantum Cohomology, and Symplectic Field Theory'' symposium. The workshop was part of a semester-long joint venture of The Fields Institute in Toronto and the Centre de Recherches Mathematiques in Montreal. The twelve papers cover the following topics: Symplectic Topology, the interaction between symplectic and other geometric structures, and Differential Geometry and Topology. The Proceeding concludes with two papers that have a more algebraic character. One is related to the program of Homological Mirror Symmetry: the author defines a category of extended complex manifolds and studies its properties. The subject of the final paper is Non-commutative Symplectic Geometry, in particular the structure of the symplectomorphism group of a non-commutative complex plane. The in-depth articles make this book a useful reference for graduate students as well as research mathematicians.




More Math Into LaTeX


Book Description

This is the fourth edition of the standard introductory text and complete reference for scientists in all disciplines, as well as engineers. This fully revised version includes important updates on articles and books as well as information on a crucial new topic: how to create transparencies and computer projections, both for classrooms and professional meetings. The text maintains its user-friendly, example-based, visual approach, gently easing readers into the secrets of Latex with The Short Course. Then it introduces basic ideas through sample articles and documents. It includes a visual guide and detailed exposition of multiline math formulas, and even provides instructions on preparing books for publishers.




Prime Obsession


Book Description

In August 1859 Bernhard Riemann, a little-known 32-year old mathematician, presented a paper to the Berlin Academy titled: "On the Number of Prime Numbers Less Than a Given Quantity." In the middle of that paper, Riemann made an incidental remark â€" a guess, a hypothesis. What he tossed out to the assembled mathematicians that day has proven to be almost cruelly compelling to countless scholars in the ensuing years. Today, after 150 years of careful research and exhaustive study, the question remains. Is the hypothesis true or false? Riemann's basic inquiry, the primary topic of his paper, concerned a straightforward but nevertheless important matter of arithmetic â€" defining a precise formula to track and identify the occurrence of prime numbers. But it is that incidental remark â€" the Riemann Hypothesis â€" that is the truly astonishing legacy of his 1859 paper. Because Riemann was able to see beyond the pattern of the primes to discern traces of something mysterious and mathematically elegant shrouded in the shadows â€" subtle variations in the distribution of those prime numbers. Brilliant for its clarity, astounding for its potential consequences, the Hypothesis took on enormous importance in mathematics. Indeed, the successful solution to this puzzle would herald a revolution in prime number theory. Proving or disproving it became the greatest challenge of the age. It has become clear that the Riemann Hypothesis, whose resolution seems to hang tantalizingly just beyond our grasp, holds the key to a variety of scientific and mathematical investigations. The making and breaking of modern codes, which depend on the properties of the prime numbers, have roots in the Hypothesis. In a series of extraordinary developments during the 1970s, it emerged that even the physics of the atomic nucleus is connected in ways not yet fully understood to this strange conundrum. Hunting down the solution to the Riemann Hypothesis has become an obsession for many â€" the veritable "great white whale" of mathematical research. Yet despite determined efforts by generations of mathematicians, the Riemann Hypothesis defies resolution. Alternating passages of extraordinarily lucid mathematical exposition with chapters of elegantly composed biography and history, Prime Obsession is a fascinating and fluent account of an epic mathematical mystery that continues to challenge and excite the world. Posited a century and a half ago, the Riemann Hypothesis is an intellectual feast for the cognoscenti and the curious alike. Not just a story of numbers and calculations, Prime Obsession is the engrossing tale of a relentless hunt for an elusive proof â€" and those who have been consumed by it.




Not Always Buried Deep


Book Description

Number theory is one of the few areas of mathematics where problems of substantial interest can be fully described to someone with minimal mathematical background. Solving such problems sometimes requires difficult and deep methods. But this is not a universal phenomenon; many engaging problems can be successfully attacked with little more than one's mathematical bare hands. In this case one says that the problem can be solved in an elementary way. Such elementary methods and the problems to which they apply are the subject of this book. Not Always Buried Deep is designed to be read and enjoyed by those who wish to explore elementary methods in modern number theory. The heart of the book is a thorough introduction to elementary prime number theory, including Dirichlet's theorem on primes in arithmetic progressions, the Brun sieve, and the Erdos-Selberg proof of the prime number theorem. Rather than trying to present a comprehensive treatise, Pollack focuses on topics that are particularly attractive and accessible. Other topics covered include Gauss's theory of cyclotomy and its applications to rational reciprocity laws, Hilbert's solution to Waring's problem, and modern work on perfect numbers. The nature of the material means that little is required in terms of prerequisites: The reader is expected to have prior familiarity with number theory at the level of an undergraduate course and a first course in modern algebra (covering groups, rings, and fields). The exposition is complemented by over 200 exercises and 400 references.




Mathematical Topics Between Classical and Quantum Mechanics


Book Description

This monograph draws on two traditions: the algebraic formulation of quantum mechanics as well as quantum field theory, and the geometric theory of classical mechanics. These are combined in a unified treatment of the theory of Poisson algebras of observables and pure state spaces with a transition probability, which leads on to a discussion of the theory of quantization and the classical limit from this perspective. A prototype of quantization comes from the analogy between the C*- algebra of a Lie groupoid and the Poisson algebra of the corresponding Lie algebroid. The parallel between reduction of symplectic manifolds in classical mechanics and induced representations of groups and C*- algebras in quantum mechanics plays an equally important role. Examples from physics include constrained quantization, curved spaces, magnetic monopoles, gauge theories, massless particles, and $theta$- vacua. Accessible to mathematicians with some prior knowledge of classical and quantum mechanics, and to mathematical physicists and theoretical physicists with some background in functional analysis.




Extreme Value Theory


Book Description

Focuses on theoretical results along with applications All the main topics covering the heart of the subject are introduced to the reader in a systematic fashion Concentration is on the probabilistic and statistical aspects of extreme values Excellent introduction to extreme value theory at the graduate level, requiring only some mathematical maturity




Analysis, Partial Differential Equations and Applications


Book Description

This volume includes several invited lectures given at the International Workshop "Analysis, Partial Differential Equations and Applications", held at the Mathematical Department of Sapienza University of Rome, on the occasion of the 70th birthday of Vladimir G. Maz'ya, a renowned mathematician and one of the main experts in the field of pure and applied analysis. The book aims at spreading the seminal ideas of Maz'ya to a larger audience in faculties of sciences and engineering. In fact, all articles were inspired by previous works of Maz'ya in several frameworks, including classical and contemporary problems connected with boundary and initial value problems for elliptic, hyperbolic and parabolic operators, Schrödinger-type equations, mathematical theory of elasticity, potential theory, capacity, singular integral operators, p-Laplacians, functional analysis, and approximation theory. Maz'ya is author of more than 450 papers and 20 books. In his long career he obtained many astonishing and frequently cited results in the theory of harmonic potentials on non-smooth domains, potential and capacity theories, spaces of functions with bounded variation, maximum principle for higher-order elliptic equations, Sobolev multipliers, approximate approximations, etc. The topics included in this volume will be particularly useful to all researchers who are interested in achieving a deeper understanding of the large expertise of Vladimir Maz'ya.