Seismic Performance of Steel Bridges During the 1994 Northridge Earthquake
Author : Abolhassan Astaneh-Asl
Publisher :
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 19,30 MB
Release : 1994
Category : Bridges
ISBN :
Author : Abolhassan Astaneh-Asl
Publisher :
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 19,30 MB
Release : 1994
Category : Bridges
ISBN :
Author : California. Seismic Advisory Board
Publisher :
Page : 96 pages
File Size : 44,90 MB
Release : 1994
Category : Bridges
ISBN :
Author : Kosalram Krishnan
Publisher :
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 43,67 MB
Release : 1999
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN :
Author : Masanobu Shinozuka
Publisher :
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 28,27 MB
Release : 2007
Category : Concrete bridges
ISBN :
Author : Brian Cowan
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 179 pages
File Size : 14,94 MB
Release : 2000-07
Category :
ISBN : 0788187406
This invitation conference, held Dec. 2 and 3, 1994, included earth scientists, engineers, social scientists, agency program managers, and practitioners and others who implement earthquake research. Chapters include: NSF-funded Northridge Earthquake researchers; summary of USGS Northridge supplementary funding; NIST Northridge research; FEMA Northridge research; organizational research programs: Calif. Div. of Mines and Geology, Calif. Seismic Safety Comm., EERI, NCEER, NHRAIC, Rand Critical Technologies Inst., and SAC Joint Venture; Info. Services: EERC-NISEE, NCEER Info. Services, and OES DFO; and individuals' research projects.
Author : Hartanto Wibowo
Publisher :
Page : 1572 pages
File Size : 42,25 MB
Release : 2013
Category : Electronic books
ISBN :
Current bridge design specifications have few requirements concerning the inclusion of live load in the seismic design of bridges for perhaps two reasons: 1) the likelihood of the full design live load occurring at the same time as the design earthquake is deemed to be very low, and 2) adverse behavior in an earthquake due to live load has not been observed in practice. However, with increasing congestion in major cities, the occurrence of the design earthquake at the same time as the design live load is now more likely than in the past. But little is known about the effect of live load on seismic response and this dissertation describes an experimental and analytical project that investigates this behavior. The experimental work included shake table testing of a 2/5th -scale model of a three-span, horizontally curved, steel girder bridge loaded with a series of representative trucks. The model spanned four shake tables each synchronously excited with scaled ground motions from the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. Observations from the experimental work show the presence of the live load had a beneficial effect on performance of this bridge, but this effect diminished with increasing amplitude of shaking. During the design earthquake, the bridge with live load was essentially elastic whereas the bridge without live load suffered some yielding and the maximum displacement at the top of the column was approximately 35% less in the live load case. Parameters used to measure performance included column displacement, abutment shear force, and degree of concrete spalling in the plastic hinge zones. Results obtained from nonlinear finite element analyses of the bridge with and without trucks confirm this behavior, that live load reduces the dynamic response of the bridge. The most likely explanation for this phenomenon is that the trucks act as a set of nonlinear multiple mass dampers, a variation of tuned mass dampers that are known to be effective at controlling wind vibrations in buildings. Parameter studies have also been conducted and show the above beneficial effect is generally true for other earthquake ground motions and vehicles with different dynamic properties. Exceptions exist, but adverse effects are usually within 10-15% of the no-live load case. Although the above results were obtained for a particular bridge, earthquake loading, and vehicle configuration, they may also apply to other bridges. Further work is required to confirm this observation.
Author :
Publisher :
Page : 11 pages
File Size : 50,24 MB
Release : 1994
Category : Bridges
ISBN :
Author :
Publisher : AASHTO
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 31,23 MB
Release : 2009
Category : Bridges
ISBN : 1560513969
Covers seismic design for typical bridge types and applies to non-critical and non-essential bridges. Approved as an alternate to the seismic provisions in the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. Differs from the current procedures in the LRFD Specifications in the use of displacement-based design procedures, instead of the traditional force-based "R-Factor" method. Includes detailed guidance and commentary on earthquake resisting elements and systems, global design strategies, demand modeling, capacity calculation, and liquefaction effects. Capacity design procedures underpin the Guide Specifications' methodology; includes prescriptive detailing for plastic hinging regions and design requirements for capacity protection of those elements that should not experience damage.
Author : Federico Mazzolani
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 800 pages
File Size : 31,13 MB
Release : 1995-10-12
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9780419198901
This book forms the proceedings of the International Workshop organised by the European Convention for Constructional Steelwork held in Timisoara, Romania, in June 1994. It presents the latest progress in theoretical and experimental research on the behaviour of steel structures in seismic areas, taking into account the basic problems of local and global ductility, codification, design and applications. It relates strongly to the activities on international codification taking place in Europe.
Author : Carlos Alonso Cruz-Noguez
Publisher :
Page : 1524 pages
File Size : 25,72 MB
Release : 2010
Category :
ISBN :
As part of a multi-university project utilizing the NSF Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES), a quarter-scale model of a four-span bridge incorporating plastic hinges with different advanced materials was tested to failure on the three shake table system at the University of Nevada, Reno (UNR). The bridge was the second test model in a series of three 4-span bridges, with the first model being a conventional reinforced-concrete (RC) structure. The purpose of incorporating advanced materials was to improve the seismic performance of the bridge with respect to two damage indicators: (1) column damage and (2) permanent deformations. The goals of the study presented in this document were to (1) evaluate the seismic performance of a 4-span bridge system incorporating SMA/ECC and built-in rubber pad plastic hinges as well as post-tensioned piers, (2) quantify the relative merit of these advanced materials and details compared to each other and to conventional reinforced concrete plastic hinges, (3) determine the influence of abutment-superstructure interaction on the response, (4) examine the ability of available elaborate analytical modeling techniques to model the performance of advanced materials and details, and (5) conduct an extensive parametric study of different variations of the bridge model to study several important issues in bridge earthquake engineering. The bridge model included six columns, each pair of which utilized a different advanced detail at bottom plastic hinges: shape memory alloys (SMA), special engineered cementitious composites (ECC), elastomeric pads embedded into columns, and post-tensioning tendons. The design of the columns, location of the bents, and selection of the loading protocol were based on pre-test analyses conducted using computer program OpenSees. The bridge model was subjected to two-horizontal components of simulated earthquake records of the 1994 Northridge earthquake. Over 340 channels of data were collected. The test results showed the effectiveness of the advanced materials in reducing damage and permanent displacements. The damage was minimal in plastic hinges with SMA/ECC and those with built-in elastomeric pads. Conventional RC plastic hinges were severely damaged due to spalling of concrete and rupture of the longitudinal and transverse reinforcement. Extensive post-test analytical studies were conducted and it was determined that a computational model of the bridge that included bridge-abutment interaction using OpenSees was able to provide satisfactory estimations of key structural parameters such as superstructure displacements and base shears. The analytical model was also used to conduct parametric studies on single-column and bridge-system response under near-fault ground motions. The effects of vertical excitations and transverse shear-keys at the bridge abutments on the superstructure displacement and column drifts were also explored.