Shipping Conferences under EC Antitrust Law


Book Description

Liner conferences are among the oldest surviving cartels in the world. Created in the 1870s they have existed since on all the world's shipping routes. With the approval or tacit acquiescence of governments everywhere, they fix freight rates, control capacity and share markets. The United Nations Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences (1974) granted them global recognition and prompted the European Community to recommend Member States to join the Convention on the Liner Code (1979) and to grant them the most generous and extraordinary block exemption from EC antitrust rules ever (1986). The European Commission's administration of the block exemption has clarified some of its aspects and, to a certain extent, limited its scope; but until very recently, it has not questioned the appropriateness of the exceptionally lenient treatment of liner shipping cartels in the European Union. After a report by the OECD Secretariat (2002) recommending abolition of antitrust immunity for shipping cartels in member countries, the European Commission launched a review of the block exemption (2003) which has led to its repeal (2006). This book studies first the origins, the early history and the regulation of liner conferences in the world and in the European Community, focusing in particular on the Regulation which granted a block exemption to liner conferences. Then, it examines one by one the four conditions for a block exemption to be granted under EC law, and concludes that none of them is fulfilled by shipping cartels. Finally, it proposes some alternative scenarios and solutions for the adequate enforcement of antitrust law in the maritime sector once the block exemption has been repealed.







The Business of Transportation


Book Description

This is a must-have resource for anyone interested in the latest information about the complex field of transportation—and how it is transforming today's business environment. This wide-ranging, two-volume work explores the transportation industry in all its many guises. It demonstrates how transportation is vital to most businesses and how it facilitates trade and globalization. It also explains how transportation figures into environmental and supply chain security challenges in the modern world. The contributors get into the nitty-gritty of how the business of transportation works and who the players are. Equally important, they show why those who depend on transportation in their business cannot afford to ignore such details when seeking greater efficiency, growth, profit, and market share.







Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Special Sessions, 17th International Conference


Book Description

This book brings together past insights, current research and promising future trends associated with distributed computing, artificial intelligence and their application in order to provide efficient solutions to real-world problems. The book is based on the International Conference on Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence 2020 (DCAI 2020), which provided a forum to present applications of innovative techniques for studying and solving complex problems in artificial intelligence and computing areas. It includes contributions on well-established and evolving areas of research, by authors from 26 countries, representing a truly “wide area network” of research activity




The Liberalization of Maritime Transport Services


Book Description

A detailed analysis of the history of maritime transport services in the Uruguay and post-Uruguay Round negotiations and the role of the sector in the ongoing Doha Round talks. The reader will be confronted with an extensive overview of the role of maritime transport services in the WTO/GATS framework, a topic basically uncovered in the literature so far.




Parliamentary Papers


Book Description




National Conference on Setting an Intermodal Transportation Research Framework, Washington, D.C., March 4-5, 1996


Book Description

The conference on Setting an Intermodal Research Framework brought together a distinguished assembly of public officials, academicians, commercial leaders, and military specialists. During the conference, each of these groups of professionals found noteworthy synergies in their intermodal interests. Papers contained in these proceedings reflect those synergies. The conference was another step toward a strengthened intermodal partnership.




Proceedings of the International Conference on Law, Economic & Good Governance (IC-LAW 2023)


Book Description

Zusammenfassung: This is an open access book. The position of Indonesia and most countries in IMF calculations, facing the same challenges. Each country requires the legal instruments of a good and reliable system of Government to guards against the worst possible economic turmoil. Good governance is an insistence of the constitution in the economic Article 33 paragraph (5), subsequently published Constitution Number: 30 Year of 2014 on Government Administration, contains 17 principles of a good governance. One of the important points of the principle is a government without corruption and manipulation of policy concepts in order to provide access to consolidation in politics and economy. The latest Transparency International report for 2023 shows that Indonesia's corruption perception index was recorded at 34 points on a scale of 0-100 in 2022. This is a 4-point decrease from the previous year. This decline in the CPI also brought down the ranking of Indonesia's CPI globally. It was noted that Indonesia's CPI in 2022 ranked 110th. In the previous year, Indonesia's CPI was ranked 96th globally. Good Governance is all aspects related to the control and supervision of the power of the Government in carrying out its functions through formal and informal institutions. To implement the principles of Good Governance and Clean Government, the Government must implement the principles of accountability and efficient resource management. Good and clean governance will contribute to economic growth and economic growth will have an impact on human development. During the last decades of 20th century, the needs for a good governance has given some impacts and became a recurring theme in literature related to human development. The intervention of government or the quality of government become crucially important in relation to the high achievement of human development. Whereas an effort in improving society's welfare is through economic development. One of dominant aspects in economic development is through legal development. Good law or policy in such country will have some impacts to the existence of good economic growth because supremacy of law is one aspect of a good governance. Law supremacy is an important institution which is related to economic growth because rule of law ensures personal safety, property rights, unbiased contract enforcement, stability of politics, freedom of speech and control of corruption. According to those various issues and debates on economic, legal development and good governance, then the Doctoral Program of the Faculty of Law Sebelas Maret University needs to hold an international conference as a place in exchanging some academic ideas in order to contributes to those legal issues with a theme, "INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LAW, ECONOMICS, AND GOOD GOVERNANCE"