Scramjet Propulsion


Book Description

Scramjet Propulsion Explore the cutting edge of HAP technologies with this comprehensive resource from an international leader in her field Scramjet Propulsion: A Practical Introduction delivers a comprehensive treatment of hypersonic air breathing propulsion and its applications. The book covers the most up-to-date hypersonic technologies, like endothermic fuels, fuel injection and flameholding systems, high temperature materials, and TPS, and offers technological overviews of hypersonic flight platforms like the X-43A, X-51A, and HiFIRE. It is organized around easy-to-understand explanations of technical challenges and provides extensive references for the information contained within. The highly accomplished author provides readers with a fulsome description of the theoretical underpinnings of hypersonic technologies, as well as critical design and technology issues affecting hypersonic air breathing propulsion technologies. The book’s combination of introductory theory and advanced instruction about individual hypersonic engine components is ideal for students and practitioners in fields as diverse as hypersonic vehicle and propulsion development for missile defense technologies, launch aerospaceplanes, and civilian transports. Over 250 illustrations and tables round out the material. Readers will also learn from: A thorough introduction to hypersonic flight, hypersonic vehicle concepts, and a review of fundamental principles in hypersonic air breathing propulsion Explorations of the aerothermodynamics of scramjet engines and the design of scramjet components, as well as hypersonic air breathing propulsion combustors and fuels Analyses of dual-mode combustion phenomena, materials structures, and thermal management in hypersonic vehicles, and combined cycle propulsion An examination of CFD analysis, ground and flight testing, and simulation Perfect for researchers and graduate students in aerospace engineering, Scramjet Propulsion: A Practical Introduction is also an indispensable addition to the libraries of engineers working on hypersonic vehicle development seeking a state-of-the-art resource in one of the most potentially disruptive areas of aerospace research today.










A Numerical Investigation of Flowfield Modification in High-speed Airbreathing Inlets Using Energy Deposition


Book Description

"Energy deposition in front of dual-mode ram/scramjet engines is numerically investigated utilizing two-dimensional CFD for its potential to modify inlet/isolator flow-fields for engine start/unstart control and for its general potential for generating large-scale flow-field modification in such flows. A simplified (high Mach number) constant-area duct geometry is initially defined in order to test the feasibility of the concept; the results from this initial investigation demonstrates possible beneficial effects of depositing energy upstream of a thermally choked duct in terms of causing massive changes in flow patterns, including the reestablishment of supersonic flow throughout the duct. This study is followed by the definition of a realistic high-speed engine domain focusing on the lower external and internal engine side of a hypersonic vehicle. A quasi-one-dimensional solver is constructed and used to establish approximate understanding of thermal choking limits in the defined geometry. A CFD investigation of this actual engine geometry is performed in which heating blocks are used to simulate fuel-air combustion in the engine combustor. Actual choking limits are established and a base-line case defined with substantial (choked flow) upstream interaction. A range of energy deposition cases are then run in order to assess the use of upstream energy deposition for facilititating restarting an unstarted engine, mitigating unstart, and generating large-scale flow-field modification in the isolator/inlet of a dual-mode ram/scramjet engine. Results indicate that, although the ability to actually increase performance of an unstarted engine through the use of upstream energy deposition is minimal, there is indication that the use of such a technique for generating a "virtual cowl" and/or a "virtual" isolator (including throats, etc.) is possible"--Abstract, leaf iii










Modern Aerodynamic Methods for Direct and Inverse Applications


Book Description

A powerful new monograph from an aerodynamicist reviewing modern conventional aerodynamic approaches, this volume covers aspects of subsonic, transonic and supersonic flow, inverse problems, shear flow analysis, jet engine power addition, engine and airframe integration, and other areas, providing readers with the tools needed to evaluate their own ideas and to implement the newer methods suggested in this book. This new book, by a prolific fluid-dynamicist and mathematician who has published more than twenty research monographs, represents not just another contribution to aerodynamics, but a book that raises serious questions about traditionally accepted approaches and formulations, providing new methods that solve longstanding problems of importance to the industry. While both conventional and newer ideas are discussed, the presentations are readable and geared to advanced undergraduates with exposure to elementary differential equations and introductory aerodynamics principles. Readers are introduced to fundamental algorithms (with Fortran source code) for basic applications, such as subsonic lifting airfoils, transonic supercritical flows utilizing mixed differencing, models for inviscid shear flow aerodynamics, and so on. These are models they can extend to include newer effects developed in the second half of the book. Many of the newer methods have appeared over the years in various journals and are now presented with deeper perspective and integration. This book helps readers approach the literature more critically. Rather than simply understanding an approach, for instance, the powerful "type differencing" behind transonic analysis, or the rationale behind "conservative" formulations, or the use of Euler equation methods for shear flow analysis when they are unnecessary, the author guides and motivates the user to ask why and why not and what if. And often, more powerful methods can be developed using no more than simple mathematical manipulations. For example, Cauchy-Riemann conditions, which are powerful tools in subsonic airfoil theory, can be readily extended to handle compressible flows with shocks, rotational flows, and even three-dimensional wing flowfields, in a variety of applications, to produce powerful formulations that address very difficult problems. This breakthrough volume is certainly a "must have" on every engineer's bookshelf.




Investigations in the Fluid Dynamics of Scramjet Inlets


Book Description

Research on projects related to the hypersonic fluid mechanics of scramjet inlets is described. Four experimental tasks were performed which used a hypersonic gun tunnel to generate flows having stagnation enthalpies up to 1400K, Mach numbers of about 8.3, and Reynolds numbers for a typical model in the range of 5 to 15 million. The first project investigated the interaction of a shock wave with a laminar boundary layer in the neighborhood of a convex corner. The second project dealt with flow established in a two-dimensional inlet consisting of a forebody-cowl combination. The third project investigated flow in a circular duct having a length to diameter ratio of about 10. The fourth project detailed the effects on inlet performance of using three distinctly different inlet geometries: axisymmetric internal flow, two-dimensional internal flow, and axisymmetric external flow ... Inlets, Hypersonic technology, Liquid fuelled, Ramjet engines.