Corruption and Norms


Book Description

This book focuses on the role of norms in the description, explanation, prediction and combat of corruption. It conceives corruption as a ubiquitous problem, constructed by specific traditions, values, norms and institutions. The chapters concentrate on the relationship between corruption and social as well as legal norms, providing comparative perspectives from different academic disciplines, theoretical and methodological backgrounds, and various country-studies. Due to the nature of social norms that are embedded in personal, local, and organizational contexts, the contributions in the volume focus in particular on the individual and institutional level of analysis (micro and meso-mechanisms). The book will be of interest to students and scholars across the fields of political science, public administration, socio-legal studies and psychology.




Corruption, Social Sciences and the Law


Book Description

The problem of corruption, however described, dates back thousands of years. Professionals working in areas such as development studies, economics and political studies, were the first to most actively analyse and publish on the topic of corruption and its negative impacts on economies, societies and politics. There was, at that time, minimal literature available on corruption and the law. The literature and discussion on bribery and corruption, as well as on the negative impact of each and what is required to address them, particularly in the legal context, are now considerable. Corruption and anti-corruption are multifaceted and multi-disciplinary. The focus now on the law and compliance, and perhaps commercial incentives, is relatively easy. However, corruption, anti-corruption and the motivations for them are complex. If we continue to discuss, debate, engage, address corruption and anti-corruption in our own disciplinary silos, we are unlikely to significantly progress the fight against corruption. What do terms such as 'culture of integrity', 'demand accountability', ‘transparency and accountability’ and ‘ethical corporate culture’ dominating the anti-corruption discourse mean, if anything, in other disciplines? If they are meaningless, what approach would practitioners in those other disciplines suggest be adopted to address corruption. What has their experience been in the field? How can the work of each discipline contribute to the work of whole and, as such, improve our work in and understanding of anti-corruption? This book seeks to answer these questions and to understand the phenomenon more comprehensively. It will be of value to researchers, academics, lawyers, legislators and students in the fields of law, anthropology, sociology, international affairs, and business.







Norms, Gender and Corruption


Book Description

Building upon the body of existing literature that has established the importance of norms in understanding why genders interact with social phenomena differently, and how gender plays a role in most aspects of corruption, this cutting-edge book expands the fields to explore the nexus between norms, gender and corruption.




Understanding Corruption and Social Norms: A Case Study in Natural Resource Management


Book Description

Corruption undermines many outcomes across development sectors, yet little is known about how social norms drive corruption or undermine anticorruption efforts in sector work. The conservation sector is no exception. The current study examined corruption and social norms related to infrastructure investments and site planning decisions and their subsequent effect on conservation outcomes. The study focused on the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park, one of four protected areas under the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Sustainable Interventions for Biodiversity, Oceans and Landscapes (SIBOL) project in the Philippines, implemented by RTI International. Based on a site visit, key informant interviews, and extensive document analysis, our findings elucidate a unique governance structure that enabled project partners to navigate the significant corruption risks present. Direct social norms were not found to be driving corrupt decision making. However, indirect norms played a role by dictating inaction or silence—powerful behaviors—in the face of abuse of entrusted power for personal gain. Our analysis highlights the challenges and importance of having practitioners clearly define and understand what they mean by “corruption” as well as the importance of undertaking a systems analysis that incorporates the influence of social norms on behaviors within that system.




A Social Theory of Corruption


Book Description

A social theory of grand corruption from antiquity to the twenty-first century. In contemporary policy discourse, the notion of corruption is highly constricted, understood just as the pursuit of private gain while fulfilling a public duty. Its paradigmatic manifestations are bribery and extortion, placing the onus on individuals, typically bureaucrats. Sudhir Chella Rajan argues that this understanding ignores the true depths of corruption, which is properly seen as a foundation of social structures. Not just bribes but also caste, gender relations, and the reproduction of class are forms of corruption. Using South Asia as a case study, Rajan argues that syndromes of corruption can be identified by paying attention to social orders and the elites they support. From the breakup of the Harappan civilization in the second millennium BCE to the anticolonial movement in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, elites and their descendants made off with substantial material and symbolic gains for hundreds of years before their schemes unraveled. Rajan makes clear that this grander form of corruption is not limited to India or the annals of global history. Societal corruption is endemic, as tax cheats and complicit bankers squirrel away public money in offshore accounts, corporate titans buy political influence, and the rich ensure that their children live lavishly no matter how little they contribute. These elites use their privileged access to power to fix the rules of the game—legal structures and social norms—benefiting themselves, even while most ordinary people remain faithful to the rubrics of everyday life.




Corruption and Government


Book Description

This new edition of a 1999 classic shows how institutionalized corruption can be fought through sophisticated political-economic reform.




Corruption and Social Norms


Book Description

This dissertation uses social norms theory to explain why individuals in badly governed societies often tolerate and perpetuate corrupt practices despite simultaneously regarding such behaviors as morally dubious. It is composed of three stand-alone, but related, empirical papers. The first paper argues that the choice between corruption and honesty is a matter of conditional compliance: individuals will abide by norms of integrity when they trust their compatriots to do so as well. I examine the mechanisms underlying stability and change in normative beliefs, focusing specifically on the role of inter-group interactions and social stigma. The second paper takes up the question of corruption tolerance: given that reporting corruption is often socially beneficial but individually costly for citizens, under what conditions will whistleblowers emerge? I show that individuals' motivations to engage in costly monitoring are shaped by the formal institutional environment. In particular, effective enforcement institutions that take citizens' reports seriously can bring about greater grassroots engagement by signaling that reporting is a valuable personal sacrifice, rather than the meaningless protest of a "sucker." In the third paper, I reexamine the literature on the moral virtues of corruption. In particular, scholars have argued that individuals often engage in malfeasance out of feelings of obligation towards their family members, friends, and other "insiders." Further, some cultures are said to emphasize particularistic norms more so than others, which helps to explain why these societies also experience higher levels of corruption. I find evidence that although particularism does tend to erode the salience of honesty norms at the individual level, the strength of in-group ties does not seem to vary across the two cultural groups (Northern and Southern Italians) I examine. Overall, the dissertation demonstrates that social norms play an important role in sustaining corrupt practices by helping to define the social appropriateness of illicit behavior. I conclude with a discussion of policy implications, focusing in particular on the role of anti-corruption policies in norms management.




The Quest for Good Governance


Book Description

A passionate examination of why international anti-corruption fails to deliver results and how we should understand and build good governance.




A Culture of Corruption?


Book Description

Focusing on the gap between democratic ideals and performance, three European academics study the common experience and even more common perception of the corrupt behavior of bureaucrats in post-communist Ukraine, Bulgaria, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic. The authors conducted focus-group studies, one-on-one interviews, and large-scale surveys to reveal plentiful details about the ways ordinary citizens cope in their day-to-day dealings with low-level officials and state employees, whose decisions can have a critically important impact on people's lives. c. Book News Inc.